USB defines class code information that is used to identify a device’s functionality and to nominally load a device driver based on that functionality. The information is contained in three bytes with the names Base Class, SubClass, and Protocol. (Note that ‘Base Class’ is used in this description to identify the first byte of the Class Code triple. That terminology is not used in the USB Specification). There are two places on a device where class code information can be placed.One place is in the Device Descriptor, and the other is in Interface Descriptors. Some defined class codes are allowed to be used only in a Device Descriptor, others can be used in both Device and Interface Descriptors, and some can only be used in Interface Descriptors. The table below shows the currently defined set of Base Class values, what the generic usage is, and where that Base Class can be used (either Device or Interface Descriptors or both).
| Base Class | Descriptor Usage | Description |
| 00h | Device | |
| 01h | Interface | |
| 02h | Both | |
| 03h | Interface | |
| 05h | Interface | |
| 06h | Interface | |
| 07h | Interface | |
| 08h | Interface | |
| 09h | Device | |
| 0Ah | Interface | |
| 0Bh | Interface | |
| 0Dh | Interface | |
| 0Eh | Interface | |
| 0Fh | Interface | |
| DCh | Both | |
| E0h | Interface | |
| EFh | Both | |
| FEh | Interface | |
| FFh | Both |
Base Class 00h (Device)
This base class is defined to be used in Device Descriptors to indicate that class information should be determined from the Interface Descriptors in the device. There is one class code definition in this base class. All other values are reserved.
This value is also used in Interface Descriptors to indicate a null class code triple.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 00h | 00h | 00h | Use class code info from Interface Descriptors |
Base Class 01h (Audio)
This base class is defined for Audio capable devices that conform to the Audio Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes may only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 01h | xxh | xxh | Audio device |
Base Class 02h (Communications and CDC Control)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Communications Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. Note that the Communication Device Class spec requires some class code values (triples) to be used in Device Descriptors and some to be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 02h | xxh | xxh | Communication device class |
Base Class 03h (HID – Human Interface Device)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the HID Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 03h | xxh | xxh | HID device class |
Base Class 05h (Physical)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Physical Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 05h | xxh | xxh | Physical device class |
Base Class 06h (Still Imaging)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Imaging Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 06h | 01h | 01h | Still Imaging device |
Base Class 07h (Printer)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Printer Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 07h | xxh | xxh | Printer device |
Base Class 08h (Mass Storage)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Mass Storage Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 08h | xxh | xxh | Mass Storage device |
Base Class 09h (Hub)
This base class is defined for devices that are USB hubs and conform to the definition in the USB specification. That specification defines the complete triples as shown below. All other values are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Device Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 09h | 00h | 00h | Full speed Hub |
| 01h | Hi-speed hub with single TT | ||
| 02h | Hi-speed hub with multiple TTs |
Base Class 0Ah (CDC-Data)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Communications Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values.Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 0Ah | xxh | xxh | CDC data device |
Base Class 0Bh (Smart Card)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Smart Card Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values.Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 0Bh | xxh | xxh | Smart Card device |
Base Class 0Dh (Content Security)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Content Security Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 0Dh | 00h | 00h | Content Security device |
Base Class 0Eh (Video)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Video Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes can only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 0Eh | xxh | xxh | Video device |
Base Class 0Fh (Personal Healthcare)
This base class is defined for devices that conform to the Personal Healthcare Device Class Specification found on the USB-IF website. That specification defines the usable set of SubClass and Protocol values. Values outside of that defined spec are reserved. These class codes should only be used in Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| 0Fh | xxh | xxh | Personal Healthcare device |
Base Class DCh (Diagnostic Device)
This base class is defined for devices that diagnostic devices. There is currently only one value defined. All other values are reserved. This class code can be used in Device or Interface Descriptors.
| Base Class | SubClass | Protocol | Meaning |
| DCh | 01h | 01h | USB2 Compliance Device. Definition for this device can be found at http://www.intel.com/technology/usb/spec.htm |
USB Class Codes
November 17, 2009
USB defines class code information that is used to identify a device’s functionality and to nominally load a device driver based on that functionality. The information is contained in three bytes with the names Base Class, SubClass, and Protocol. (Note that ‘Base Class’ is used in this description to identify the first byte of the Class Code triple. That terminology is not used in the USB Specification). There are two places on a device where class code information can be placed.One place is in the Device Descriptor, and the other is in Interface Descriptors. Some defined class codes are allowed to be used only in a Device Descriptor, others can be used in both Device and Interface Descriptors, and some can only be used in Interface Descriptors. The table below shows the currently defined set of Base Class values, what the generic usage is, and where that Base Class can be used (either Device or Interface Descriptors or both).
| Base Class | Descriptor Usage | Description |
| 00h | Device | |
| 01h | Interface | |
| 02h | Both | |
| 03h | Interface | |
| 05h | Interface | |
| 06h | Interface | |
| 07h | Interface | |
| 08h | Interface | |
| 09h | Device | |
| 0Ah | Interface | |
| 0Bh | Interface | |
| 0Dh | Interface | |
| 0Eh | Interface | |
| 0Fh | Interface | |
| DCh | Both | |
| E0h | Interface | |
| EFh | Both | |
| FEh | Interface | |
| FFh | Both |
USB的CDC类是USB通信设备类（Communication Device Class）的简称。CDC类是USB组织定义的一类专门给各种通信设备（电信通信设备和中速网络通信设备）使用的USB子类。根据CDC类所针对通信设备的不同，CDC类又被分成以下不同的模型：USB传统纯电话业务（POTS）模型，USB ISDN模型和USB网络模型。其中，USB传统纯电话业务模型，有可分为直接线控制模型（Direct Line Control Model）、抽象控制模型（Abstract Control Model）和USB电话模型（USB Telephone Model），如图1所示。本文所讨论的虚拟串口就属于USB传统纯电话业务模型下的抽象控制模型。
通常一个CDC类又由两个接口子类组成通信接口类（Communication Interface Class）和数据接口类(Data Interface Class)。笔者主要通过通信接口类对设备进行管理和控制，而通过数据接口类传送数据。这两个接口子类占有不同数量和类型的终端点（Endpoints），如图2所示。对于前面所述的不同CDC类模型，其所对应的接口的终端点需求也是不同的。
抽象控制模型对终端点的需求，通信接口类需要一个控制终端点（Control Endpoint）和一个可选的中断（Interrupt）型终端点，数据接口子类需要一个方向为输入（IN）的周期性（Isochronous）型终端点和一个方向为输出（OUT）的周期性型终端点。
其中控制终端点主要用于USB设备的枚举和虚拟串口的波特率和数据类型（数据位数、停止位和起始位）设置的通信。interrupt in端点是device 向host通知自己的serial state changed 。输出方向的非同步终端点用于主机（Host）向从设备（Slave）发送数据，相当于传统物理串口中的TXD线（如果从单片机的角度看），输入方向的非同步终端点用于从设备向主机发送数据，相当于传统物理串口中的RXD线。
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