《PyTorch深度学习实践》第十三课（循环神经网络RNN高级版）

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《PyTorch深度学习实践》完结合集_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

网络模型

通过RNN模型，实现输出名字，对应出国家的功能

构造数据列表 

 长短不一，构造成一样

将国家做成输出索引 

导入数据

如果以后数据集为pickle及其他的都可以用这种方法

模型

embedding层参数 

 

GRU层参数

 bidirection双向神经网络

双向，两边都走一遍，再拼接起来，起到了连接上下文的作用

最终输出的output，hidden

其中output是上面的h0到hn，output是【hnf,hnb】

最终的hidden是两个 

gru中因为序列长短不一，许多填充的是0，没必要参加运算，可以加速，使用 pack_padded_sequence

embedding 过程

返回一个PackedSquence object

 把为0的去除，其他的拼接在一起，但是他要求的是输入序列的长度递减，所以不行

因此需要排序

接下来是横着取值，按照时间序列取值，可以并行计算

留下了batch_sizes，gru就可以据此得出需要取多少行

 由名字转换为tensor的过程

 step1 转换为ascII

 step2 做填充 

 step3做转置

 step4 排序

完整代码

import csv
import gzip
import math
import time
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from torch.nn.utils.rnn import pack_padded_sequence
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

HIDDEN_SIZE = 100
BATCH_SIZE = 256
N_LAYER = 2
N_EPOCHS = 200
N_CHARS = 128
USE_GPU = False

def time_since(since):
    s = time.time() - since
    m = math.floor(s / 60)
    s -= m * 60
    return '%dm %ds' %(m, s)

def name2list(name):
    arr = [ord(c) for c in name]#得到ascii码
    return arr, len(arr)

def create_tensor(tensor):
    if USE_GPU:
        device = torch.device("cuda:0")
        tensor = tensor.to(device)
    return tensor

def make_tensors(names, countries):
    sequences_and_lengths = [name2list(name) for name in names]# s[0] name s[1] 长度
    name_sequences = [s1[0] for s1 in sequences_and_lengths]
    seq_lengths = torch.LongTensor([s1[1] for s1 in sequences_and_lengths])
    countries = countries.long()

    #make tensor of name, BatchSize x seqlen
    seq_tensor = torch.zeros(len(name_sequences), seq_lengths.max()).long()
    for idx, (seq, seqlen) in enumerate(zip(name_sequences, seq_lengths), 0):
        seq_tensor[idx, :seqlen] = torch.LongTensor(seq)

    #sort by length to use pack padded sequence
    seq_lengths, perm_idx = seq_lengths.sort(dim=0, descending=True) #sort  返回两个值 1.排序完的表 2.相对应的索引
    seq_tensor = seq_tensor[perm_idx]
    countries = countries[perm_idx]

    return create_tensor(seq_tensor), \
            create_tensor(seq_lengths), \
            create_tensor(countries)


class NameDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, is_train_set=True):
        filename = 'names_train.csv.gz' if is_train_set else 'name_test.csv.gz'
        with gzip.open(filename, 'rt') as f:
            reader = csv.reader(f)
            rows = list(reader)

        self.names = [row[0] for row in rows]
        self.len = len(self.names)
        self.countries = [row[1] for row in rows]
        self.country_list = list(sorted(set(self.countries)))
        self.country_dict = self.getCountryDict()
        self.country_num = len(self.country_list)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        return self.names[idx], self.country_dict[self.countries[idx]]

    def __len__(self):
        return self.len

    def getCountryDict(self):
        country_dict = dict()
        for idx, country_name in enumerate(self.country_list, 0):
            country_dict[country_name] = idx
        return country_dict

    def idx2country(self, index):
        return self.country_list[index]

    def getCountriesNum(self):
        return self.country_num

trainset = NameDataset(True)
trainloader = DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
testset = NameDataset(True)
testloader = DataLoader(testset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)

N_COUNTRY = trainset.getCountriesNum()

class RNNClassifier(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size, n_layers=1, bidirectional=True):
        super(RNNClassifier, self).__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.n_layers = n_layers
        self.n_directions = 2 if bidirectional else 1

        self.embedding = torch.nn.Embedding(input_size, hidden_size)
        self.gru = torch.nn.GRU(hidden_size, hidden_size, n_layers,
                                bidirectional=bidirectional)
        self.fc = torch.nn.Linear(hidden_size * self.n_directions, output_size)
                                    #               如果是双向的，最终hidden是两，要乘上2

    def init_hidden(self, batch_size):
        hidden = torch.zeros(self.n_layers * self.n_directions,
                             batch_size, self.hidden_size)
        return create_tensor(hidden)

    def forward(self, input, seq_lengths):
        # input shape : B x S -> S x B
        input = input.t()
        batch_size = input.size(1)

        hidden = self.init_hidden(batch_size)
        embedding = self.embedding(input)

        #pack them up
        gru_input = pack_padded_sequence(embedding, seq_lengths)

        output, hidden = self.gru(gru_input, hidden)
        if self.n_directions == 2:
            hidden_cat = torch.cat([hidden[-1], hidden[-2]], dim=1)
        else:
            hidden_cat = hidden[-1]
        fc_output = self.fc(hidden_cat)
        return fc_output

def trainModel():
    total_loss = 0
    for i, (names, countries) in enumerate(trainloader, 1):#1 代表索引i从1开始，也代表轮数
        inputs, seq_lengths, target = make_tensors(names, countries)
        output = classifier(inputs, seq_lengths)
        loss = criterion(output, target)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        total_loss += loss.item()
        if i % 10 == 0:
            print(f'[{time_since(start)}] Epoch {epoch}', end='')
            print(f'[{i * len(inputs)} / {len(trainset)}]', end='')
            print(f'loss={total_loss / (i * len(inputs))}')
    return total_loss

def testModel():
    correct = 0
    total = len(testset)
    print('evaluating trained model ...')
    with torch.no_grad():
        for i, (names, countries) in enumerate(testloader, 1):
            inputs, seq_lengths, target = make_tensors(names, countries)
            output = classifier(inputs, seq_lengths)
            pred = output.max(dim=1, keepdim=True)[1]
            correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

        percent = '%.2f' % (100 * correct / total)
        print(f'Test set: Accuracy {correct} / {total} {percent}%')
        return  correct / total

if __name__ == '__main__':
    classifier = RNNClassifier(N_CHARS, HIDDEN_SIZE, N_COUNTRY, N_LAYER)
                 #  字母表的个数   隐层       国家数     层数

    if USE_GPU: #用GPU训练
        device = torch.device("cuda:0")
        classifier.to(device)

    criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(classifier.parameters(), lr=0.001)

    start = time.time()
    print("Training for %d epochs..." % (N_EPOCHS + 1))
    acc_list = []
    for epoch in range(1, N_EPOCHS + 1):
        trainModel()
        acc = testModel()
        acc_list.append(acc)

    epoch = np.arange(1, len(acc_list) + 1, 1)
    acc_list = np.array(acc_list)
    plt.plot(epoch, acc_list)
    plt.xlabel('Epoch')
    plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
    plt.grid()
    plt.show()