开始 Keras 序列模型（Sequential model）

开始 Keras 序列模型（Sequential model）

序列模型是一个线性的层次堆栈。
你可以通过传递一系列 layer 实例给构造器来创建一个序列模型。

The Sequential model is a linear stack of layers.

You can create a Sequential model by passing a list of layer instances to the constructor:

from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Activation

model = Sequential([
    Dense(32, input_shape=(784,)),
    Activation('relu'),
    Dense(10),
    Activation('softmax'),
])

也可以简单的添加 layer 通过 .add() 函数。

You can also simply add layers via the .add() method:

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(32, input_dim=784))
model.add(Activation('relu'))

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Specifying the input shape

The model needs to know what input shape it should expect. For this reason, the first layer in a Sequential model (and only the first, because following layers can do automatic shape inference) needs to receive information about its input shape. There are several possible ways to do this:

• Pass an input_shape argument to the first layer. This is a shape tuple (a tuple of integers or None entries, where None indicates that any positive integer may be expected). In input_shape, the batch dimension is not included.
• Some 2D layers, such as Dense, support the specification of their input shape via the argument input_dim, and some 3D temporal layers support the arguments input_dim and input_length.
• If you ever need to specify a fixed batch size for your inputs (this is useful for stateful recurrent networks), you can pass a batch_size argument to a layer. If you pass both batch_size=32 and input_shape=(6, 8) to a layer, it will then expect every batch of inputs to have the batch shape (32, 6, 8).

As such, the following snippets are strictly equivalent:

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(32, input_shape=(784,)))

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(32, input_dim=784))

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Compilation

Before training a model, you need to configure the learning process, which is done via the compile method. It receives three arguments:

• An optimizer. This could be the string identifier of an existing optimizer (such as rmsprop or adagrad), or an instance of the Optimizer class. See: optimizers.
• A loss function. This is the objective that the model will try to minimize. It can be the string identifier of an existing loss function (such as categorical_crossentropy or mse), or it can be an objective function. See: losses.
• A list of metrics. For any classification problem you will want to set this to metrics=['accuracy']. A metric could be the string identifier of an existing metric or a custom metric function.

# For a multi-class classification problem
model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop',
              loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# For a binary classification problem
model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop',
              loss='binary_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# For a mean squared error regression problem
model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop',
              loss='mse')

# For custom metrics
import keras.backend as K

def mean_pred(y_true, y_pred):
    return K.mean(y_pred)

model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop',
              loss=