cocos2d-x的定时器

使用场景、层和精灵这些元素，可以构建游戏框架，要让游戏动起来需要借助定时器。cocos2d-x提供的方式有两种：update和schedule。

• update定时器

Node的刷新事件update方法在每帧绘制前会被触发一次。如果需要启动update定时器，需要调用scheduleUpdate方法，并重载update来执行自己的代码。需要停止时，使用unscheduleUpdate方法。

• schedule定时器

Node提供的schedule方法，可以实现以一定时间间隔连续调用某个函数。此时间间隔必须大于两帧的间隔，否则两帧期间的多次调用会被合并成一次调用。调用schedule方法来启动定时器。用unschedule来停止定时器。

与定时器相关的方法有：

• 启动定时器方法

    /**
     * Schedules the "update" method.
     *
     * It will use the order number 0. This method will be called every frame.
     * Scheduled methods with a lower order value will be called before the ones that have a higher order value.
     * Only one "update" method could be scheduled per node.
     * @js NA
     * @lua NA
     */
    void scheduleUpdate(void);

    /**
     * Schedules a custom selector.
     *
     * If the selector is already scheduled, then the interval parameter will be updated without scheduling it again.
     @code
     // firstly, implement a schedule function
     void MyNode::TickMe(float dt);
     // wrap this function into a selector via schedule_selector marco.
     this->schedule(schedule_selector(MyNode::TickMe), 0, 0, 0);
     @endcode
     *
     * @param selector  The SEL_SCHEDULE selector to be scheduled.
     * @param interval  Tick interval in seconds. 0 means tick every frame. If interval = 0, it's recommended to use scheduleUpdate() instead.
     * @param repeat    The selector will be excuted (repeat + 1) times, you can use kRepeatForever for tick infinitely.
     * @param delay     The amount of time that the first tick will wait before execution.
     * @lua NA
     */
    void schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE selector, float interval, unsigned int repeat, float delay);

    /**
     * Schedules a custom selector with an interval time in seconds.
     * @see `schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE, float, unsigned int, float)`
     *
     * @param selector      The SEL_SCHEDULE selector to be scheduled.
     * @param interval      Callback interval time in seconds. 0 means tick every frame,
     * @lua NA
     */
    void schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE selector, float interval);


    /**
     * Schedules a custom selector, the scheduled selector will be ticked every frame
     * @see schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE, float, unsigned int, float)
     *
     * @param selector      A function wrapped as a selector
     * @lua NA
     */
    void schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE selector);

• 有变化的启动定时器

    /**
     * Schedules the "update" method with a custom priority.
     *
     * This selector will be called every frame.
     * Scheduled methods with a lower priority will be called before the ones that have a higher value.
     * Only one "update" selector could be scheduled per node (You can't have 2 'update' selectors).
     * @js NA
     * @lua NA
     */
    void scheduleUpdateWithPriority(int priority);

    /**
     * Schedules a selector that runs only once, with a delay of 0 or larger
     * @see `schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE, float, unsigned int, float)`
     *
     * @param selector      The SEL_SCHEDULE selector to be scheduled.
     * @param delay         The amount of time that the first tick will wait before execution.
     * @lua NA
     */
    void scheduleOnce(SEL_SCHEDULE selector, float delay);

• 取消定时器

    /*
     * Unschedules the "update" method.
     * @see scheduleUpdate();
     */
    void unscheduleUpdate(void);


    /**
     * Unschedules a custom selector.
     * @see `schedule(SEL_SCHEDULE, float, unsigned int, float)`
     *
     * @param selector      A function wrapped as a selector
     * @lua NA
     */
    void unschedule(SEL_SCHEDULE selector);

    /**
     * Unschedule all scheduled selectors: custom selectors, and the 'update' selector.
     * Actions are not affected by this method.
     * @lua NA
     */
    void unscheduleAllSelectors(void);

• 和暂停重启相关的

    /**
     * Resumes all scheduled selectors, actions and event listeners.
     * This method is called internally by onEnter
     */
    void resume(void);
    /**
     * Pauses all scheduled selectors, actions and event listeners..
     * This method is called internally by onExit
     */
    void pause(void);

    /**
     * Resumes all scheduled selectors, actions and event listeners.
     * This method is called internally by onEnter
     */
    CC_DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE void resumeSchedulerAndActions(void);
    /**
     * Pauses all scheduled selectors, actions and event listeners..
     * This method is called internally by onExit
     */
    CC_DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE void pauseSchedulerAndActions(void);

• update方法

    /*
     * Update method will be called automatically every frame if "scheduleUpdate" is called, and the node is "live"
     */
    virtual void update(float delta);

游戏主循环会反复执行三个动作：输入响应、定时事件、绘图。此循环方法则是Director::mainLoop()。此方法每帧调用一次，帧间间隔由帧率决定。mainLoop()方法的实现在DisplayLinkDirector::mainLoop()。

void DisplayLinkDirector::mainLoop()
{
    if (_purgeDirectorInNextLoop)//清除Director
    {
        _purgeDirectorInNextLoop = false;
        purgeDirector();
    }
    else if (! _invalid)
    {
        drawScene();
     
        // release the objects
        PoolManager::sharedPoolManager()->pop();        
    }
}

mainLoop把所有要处理的操作都交给drawScene()方法。

// Draw the Scene
void Director::drawScene()
{
    // calculate "global" dt
    calculateDeltaTime();

    if (_openGLView)
    {
        _openGLView->pollInputEvents();//轮询输入事件
    }

    //tick before glClear: issue #533
    if (! _paused)
    {
        _scheduler->update(_deltaTime);
        _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterUpdate);
    }

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    /* to avoid flickr, nextScene MUST be here: after tick and before draw.
     XXX: Which bug is this one. It seems that it can't be reproduced with v0.9 */
    if (_nextScene)
    {
        setNextScene();
    }

    kmGLPushMatrix();
    
    //construct the frustum
    {
        kmMat4 view;
        kmMat4 projection;
        kmGLGetMatrix(KM_GL_PROJECTION, &projection);
        kmGLGetMatrix(KM_GL_MODELVIEW, &view);
        
        _cullingFrustum->setupFromMatrix(view, projection);
    }
    
    // draw the scene
    if (_runningScene)
    {
        _runningScene->visit();
        _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterVisit);
    }

    // draw the notifications node
    if (_notificationNode)
    {
        _notificationNode->visit();//处理通知节点
    }
    
    if (_displayStats)
    {
        showStats();
    }

    _renderer->render();
    _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterDraw);

    kmGLPopMatrix();

    _totalFrames++;

    // swap buffers
    if (_openGLView)
    {
        _openGLView->swapBuffers();
    }
    
    if (_displayStats)
    {
        calculateMPF();
    }
}

在drawScene中主要进行了3个操作：1、调用定时调度器的update方法，引发定时器事件；2、如果需要则切换场景；3、事件分发；4、绘制当前场景。

定时调度器的update方法会先按照优先级由低到高的顺序处理节点的update定时器。然后处理所有普通定时器。再处理脚本引擎相关的事件。最后按优先级由低到高清理被标记了删除记号的节点update方法。

所以，实际上它们都是串行操作，并不是多线程并发。