Unity3d Shader(三) Pass（Alpha testing）植物的透明剪切

The alpha test is a last chance to reject a pixel from being written to the screen.

透明度测试是阻止像素被写到屏幕的最后机会。

After the final output color has been calculated, the color can optionally have its alpha value compared to a fixed value. If the test fails, the pixel is not written to the display.

在最终渲染出的颜色被计算出来之后，可选择通过将颜色的透明度值和一个固定值比较。如果比较的结果失败，像素将不会被写到显示输出中。

Syntax 语法

AlphaTest Off

Render all pixels (default).
渲染所有像素（缺省）

AlphaTest  comparison AlphaValue

Set up the alpha test to only render pixels whose alpha value is within a certain range.
设定透明度测试只渲染在某一确定范围内的透明度值的像素。

Comparison 对照表

Comparison is one of the following words:

比较下列词语：

Greater	Only render pixels whose alpha is greater than AlphaValue. 大于
GEqual	Only render pixels whose alpha is greater than or equal to AlphaValue. 大于等于
Less	Only render pixels whose alpha value is less than AlphaValue. 小于
LEqual	Only render pixels whose alpha value is less than or equal to from AlphaValue. 小于等于
Equal	Only render pixels whose alpha value equals AlphaValue. 等于
NotEqual	Only render pixels whose alpha value differs from AlphaValue. 不等于
Always	Render all pixels. This is functionally equivalent to AlphaTest Off. 渲染所有像素，等于关闭透明度测试AlphaTest Off
Never	Don't render any pixels. 不渲染任何像素

AlphaValue

A floating-point number between 0 and 1. This can also be a variable reference to a float or range property, in which case it should be written using the standard square bracket notation ([VariableName]).

一个范围在0到1之间的浮点值。也可以是一个指向浮点属性或是范围属性的索引，在后一种情况下需要使用标准的方括号写法标注索引名字，如([变量名]).

Details 细节

The alpha test is important when rendering concave objects with transparent parts. The graphics card maintains a record of the depth of every pixel written to the screen. If a new pixel is further away than one already rendered, the new pixel is not written to the display. This means that even with Blending, objects will not show through.

在这个图形中，左边的树使用透明度测试。注意在它的图形上的像素是如何完全透明或不透明。中间的树只使用透明度混合来渲染-注意由于深度缓冲的缘故靠近分支的透明部分是如何覆盖更远的叶子。右边的树是通过后续的例子着色器渲染的 - 实现了通过混合和透明度测试的组合隐藏了人工的痕迹。

In this figure, the tree on the left is rendered using AlphaTest. Note how the pixels in it are either completely transparent or opaque. The center tree is rendered using only Alpha Blending - notice how transparent parts of nearby branches cover the distant leaves because of the depth buffer. The tree on the right is rendered using the last example shader - which implements a combination of blending and alpha testing to hide any artifacts.

Examples 示例

The simplest possible example, assign a texture with an alpha channel to it. The object will only be visible where alpha is greater than 0.5

最简单的能用的例子，使用一张带有透明度通道的纹理。对象只会在透明度大于0.5 时显示

Shader "Simple Alpha Test" {
    Properties {
        _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Transparency (A)", 2D) = "" {}
    }
    SubShader {
        Pass {
            // Only render pixels with an alpha larger than 50%
   // 只渲染透明度大于50%的像素
            AlphaTest Greater 0.5
            SetTexture [_MainTex] { combine texture }
        }
    }
}

This is not much good by itself. Let us add some lighting and make the cutoff value tweakable:

这并不是非常好。让我们增加一些光照和并调整剪切值：

Shader "Cutoff Alpha" {
    Properties {
        _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Transparency (A)", 2D) = "" {}
        _Cutoff ("Alpha cutoff", Range (0,1)) = 0.5
    }
    SubShader {
        Pass {
            // Use the Cutoff parameter defined above to determine
            // what to render.
   // 使用Cutoff参数定义能被渲染的透明度门限值
            AlphaTest Greater [_Cutoff]
            Material {
                Diffuse (1,1,1,1)
                Ambient (1,1,1,1)
            }
            Lighting On
            SetTexture [_MainTex] { combine texture * primary }
        }
    }
}

When rendering plants and trees, many games have the hard edges typical of alpha testing. A way around that is to render the object twice. In the first pass, we use alpha testing to only render pixels that are more than 50% opaque. In the second pass, we alpha-blend the graphic in the parts that were cut away, without recording the depth of the pixel. We might get a bit of confusion as further away branches overwrite the nearby ones, but in practice, that is hard to see as leaves have a lot of visual detail in them.

当渲染树和植物时，透明度测试使许多游戏中出现尖锐的边缘。解决这个问题的方法之一是渲染对象两次。首次通道中，我们只渲染超过50%透明度的像素。在第二次通道中，我们使用透明度混合上次我们切除的部分，而不记录像素的深度。我们可能会使得一些源的树枝覆盖近的树枝，但实际情况中，当叶子有大量的视觉细节时很难看出这样的缺陷。

Shader "Vegetation" {
    Properties {
        _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (.5, .5, .5, .5)
        _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Alpha (A)", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Cutoff ("Base Alpha cutoff", Range (0,.9)) = .5
    }
    SubShader {
        // Set up basic lighting
  // 设置基础光照
        Material {
            Diffuse [_Color]
            Ambient [_Color]
        }
        Lighting On

        // Render both front and back facing polygons.
  //渲染几何体的两面
        Cull Off

        // first pass:
        //   render any pixels that are more than [_Cutoff] opaque
  //第一步 渲染所有超过[_Cutoff] 不透明的像素
        Pass {
            AlphaTest Greater [_Cutoff]
            SetTexture [_MainTex] {
                combine texture * primary, texture
            }
        }

        // Second pass:
        //   render in the semitransparent details.
  // 第二步 渲染半透明的细节
        Pass {
            // Dont write to the depth buffer
   // 不写到深度缓冲
            ZWrite off
            // Don't write pixels we have already written.
   // 不写已经写过的像素
            ZTest Less
            // Only render pixels less or equal to the value
   // 只渲染少于或等于的像素值
            AlphaTest LEqual [_Cutoff]

            // Set up alpha blending
   // 设置透明度混合
            Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha

            SetTexture [_MainTex] {
                combine texture * primary, texture
            }
        }
    }
}

Note that we have some setup inside the SubShader, rather than in the individual passes. Any state set in the SubShader is inherited as defaults in passes inside it.

注意我们在子着色器中所做的一些设定，甚至在个别通道中。任何在子着色器中所作的设定会被通道所继承成为默认值。