定义: f(n) f ( n ) , g(n) g ( n ) 是两个数论函数(定义域均为正整数)
定义卷积运算” × × ”: (f×g)(n)=∑i⋅j=nf(i)⋅g(j)=∑n%d=0f(d)⋅g(nd) ( f × g ) ( n ) = ∑ i ⋅ j = n f ( i ) ⋅ g ( j ) = ∑ n % d = 0 f ( d ) ⋅ g ( n d )
交换律:
(f×g)(n)=(g×f)(n)
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结合律:
((f×g)×h)(n)=(f×(g×h))(n)
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单位元:
设:
e(n)
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为卷积运算单位元
那么有:
(f×e)(n)=f(n)
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∑n%d=0f(d)⋅e(nd)=f(n)
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所以:
e(nd)={1(d=n)0(d≠n)
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即: e(n)={1(n=1)0(n≠1) e ( n ) = { 1 ( n = 1 ) 0 ( n ≠ 1 )
定义函数: l(n)=1 l ( n ) = 1
那么: f(n)=∑n%d=0g(d) f ( n ) = ∑ n % d = 0 g ( d ) 可以写成: f(n)=(g×l)(n) f ( n ) = ( g × l ) ( n )
定义: 莫比乌斯函数 μ(n) μ ( n ) 为函数 l(n) l ( n ) 的逆元
那么:
(μ×l)(n)=e(n)
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得:
∑n%d=0μ(n)=e(n)
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那么:
g(n)=(f×μ)(n)=∑n%d=0μ(nd)⋅f(d)(14)(15)
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