导数例子
Ex:Specific f ′ ( x ) ( f ( x ) = x n , 1 x ) f{}'(x) \ \ (f(x)=x^n,\frac{1}{x}) f′(x) (f(x)=xn,x1)
General:
(u+v)’=u’+v’
(Cu)’ =Cu’ (C为constant)
Specific: 根据 difference quotient
d d x s i n x = c o s x \frac{d}{dx}sinx = cosx dxdsinx=cosx
d d x c o s x = − s i n x \frac{d}{dx}cosx = -sinx dxdcosx=−sinx
General deriv rules- Product rule:
(uv)’ = u’v+uv’
Quotient rule:
( u v ) ′ = u ′ v − u v ′ v 2 (\frac{u}{v})'=\frac{u'v-uv'}{v^2} (vu)′=v2u′v−uv′
d d t = C d u d t \frac{d}{dt} = C \ \frac{du}{dt} dtd=C dtdu
Composition rule
y = ( s i n t ) 10 = s i n 10 t y = (sint)^{10} = sin^{10}t y=(sint)10=sin10t
Chain Rules
d y d t = d y d x . d x d t {\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{dy}{dx} . \frac{dx}{dt}} dtdy=dxdy.dtdx
EX:
d d t ( s i n t ) 10 \frac{d}{dt}(sint)^{10} dtd(sint)10
- x =sint
- = 10 x 9 . c o s ( t ) =10x^9.cos(t) =10x9.cos(t)
- = 10 ( s i n t ( t ) ) 9 . c o s ( t ) = 10(sint(t))^{9}.cos(t) =10(sint(t))9.cos(t)
Really and truly,once you have the chain rule,the world is yours to conquer.
higher derivative:
u=u(x) u’ u’’ u’’’ u ( 4 ) = ( u ′ ′ ′ ) ′ u^{(4)}=(u''')' u(4)=(u′′′)′
u ′ ′ = d d x . d u d x = d d x d d x . u {\color{Red} u''=\frac{d}{dx}.\frac{du}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx} \frac{d}{dx}.u} u′′=dxd.dxdu=dxddxd.u
= ( d d x ) 2 . u {\color{Red} =(\frac{d}{dx})^2.u} =(dxd)2.u
= d 2 ( d x ) 2 . u = d 2 u d x 2 {\color{Red} =\frac{d^2}{(dx)^2}.u=\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}} =(dx)2d2.u=dx2d2u
EX:
D n x n = n ! D^nx^n = n! Dnxn=n!