二阶导检验:边界与无穷
Question: How to do we find global min/max?
→ \rightarrow →最值可能在函数的临界点或边界或无穷远取得
(occur the critical point or on the boundary or at infinity)
使用:二阶导数(second derivate test)
Example: w = x 2 + 2 x y + 3 y 2 = ( x + y ) 2 + 2 y 2 w=x^2+2xy+3y^2=(x+y)^2+2y^2 w=x2+2xy+3y2=(x+y)2+2y2
In general, if a ≠ 0 a\neq0 a=0
w = a ( x 2 + b a x y ) + c y 2 w=a(x^2+\frac{b}{a}xy)+cy^2 w=a(x2+abxy)+cy2
= a ( x + b 2 a y ) 2 + ( c − b 2 4 a ) y 2 =a(x+\frac{b}{2a}y)^2+(c-\frac{b^2}{4a})y^2 =a(x+2aby)2+(c−4ab2)y2
= 1 4 a [ 4 a 2 ( x + b 2 a ) 2 + ( 4 a c − b 2 ) y 2 ] =\frac{1}{4a}[4a^2(x+\frac{b}{2a})^2+(4ac-b^2)y^2] =4a1[4a2(x+2ab)2+(4ac−b2)y2]
3 cases:
- 4 a c − b 2 < 0 ⇒ 4ac-b^2<0\Rightarrow 4ac−b