微分方程 differential equation Ex: d y d x = f ( x ) \frac{dy}{dx} = f(x) dxdy=f(x) y = ∫ f ( x ) d x y= \int f(x) dx y=∫f(x)dx solved substitution Ex2: ( d d x + x ) (\frac{d}{dx}+x) (dxd+x)为annihilation operator 湮没算符 in quantum mechnics d y d x = − x y \frac{dy}{dx} = -xy dxdy=−xy d y y = − x d x \frac{dy}{y} = -xdx ydy=−xdx ∫ d y y = − ∫ x d x \int \frac{dy}{y} = -\int xdx ∫ydy=−∫xdx l n y = − x 2 / 2 + C ln y = -x^2/2 +C lny=−x2/2+C e l n y = e − x 2 / 2 + C e^{lny} = e^{-x^2/2}+C elny=e−x2/2+C y = A e − x 2 / 2 ( A = e c ) y = Ae^{-x^2/2} (A=e^c) y=Ae−x2/2(A=ec) Solution: y = a e − x 2 / 2 a n y a y = ae^{-x^2/2} \ any \ a y=ae−x2/2 any a d y d x = a . d d x . e − x 2 / 2 \frac{dy}{dx} = a.\frac{d}{dx} . e^{-x^2/2} dxdy