前言
在介绍resize()与reserve()函数之前,可以先简单了解一下vector
vector:C++ vector用法的详细学习_IT.Husky的博客-CSDN博客
基本概念
1、capacity:指容器在分配新的存储空间之前能存储的元素总数
2、size:指当前容器所存储的元素个数
3、resize():既为容器分配了空间,也创建了对象
注:这里空间就是capacity,对象就是容器中的元素size
4、reserve():表示容器预留空间,但不是真正的创建对象,需要通过insert()或push_back()等操作创建对象
resize和reverse区别
1、resize()既修改capacity大小,也修改size大小
2、reserve()只修改capacity大小,不修改size大小
代码实例
操作1
创建4个空容器,看看此时size和capacity的情况
vector<int> v1;
vector<int> v2;
vector<int> v3;
vector<int> v4;
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity()<<endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
输出结果为:
v1_size: 0 , vl_capacity: 0
v2_size: 0 , v2_capacity: 0
v3_size: 0 , v3_capacity: 0
v4_size: 0 , v4_capacity: 0
刚创建的空容器,size和capacity是一致的
操作2
给空容器v2添加一个元素,观察此时的size和capacity
v2.push_back(99);
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
结果:
v2_size: 1,v2_capacity: 1
size和capacity同时加1了。v2中的元素个数为1,此时size为1;至于capacity,根据定义,capacity是不能小于size的
继续操作
int nums = 20;
for (int i = 0; i < nums; ++i){
v2.push_back(i+1);
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
}
结果:
v2_size: 2 , v2_capacity: 2
v2_size: 3 , v2_capacity: 3
v2_size: 4 , v2_capacity: 4
v2_size: 5 , v2_capacity: 6
v2_size: 6 , v2_capacity: 6
v2_size: 7 , v2_capacity: 9
v2_size: 8 , v2_capacity: 9
v2_size: 9 , v2_capacity: 9
v2_size: 10 , v2_capacity: 13
v2_size: 11 , v2_capacity: 13
v2_size: 12 , v2_capacity: 13
v2_size: 13 , v2_capacity: 13
v2_size: 14 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 15 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 16 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 17 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 18 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 19 , v2_capacity: 19
v2_size: 20 , v2_capacity: 28
v2_size: 21 , v2_capacity: 28
看到输出结果,是不是觉得很奇怪?为什么有时候capacity就比size要大了呢?
这里我们不深入探讨,只是告诉大家这么一个有意思的现象。其实也很好解释,容器是线性表,内存空间是连续的,每次添加一个新元素,系统可能会自动分配额外的存储空间。至于这个”可能”发生的频率,额外的存储空间有多大?这里就不赘述
操作3
v1.resize(100);
v2.resize(100);
v2.push_back(99); // 添加一个元素
v3.reserve(100);
v4.reserve(100);
上述代码将v1和v2 resize到100,并且v2再新加一个元素;而将v3和v4都 reserve到100
结果:
v1_size: 100 , vl_capacity: 100
v2_size: 101 , v2_capacity: 150
v3_size: 0 , v3_capacity: 100
v4_size: 0 , v4_capacity: 100
此时v1的size和capacity都为100,这符合resize的定义:既分配了空间,也创建了对象。每个元素默认初始化为0,即v1[0]=0
v2比较有意思,因为比v1多加了一个元素,所以size为101,但其capacity居然是150。大家默认理解就行,这是系统根据vector特性进行分配的存储空间
v3和v4则一致,size为0,capacity为100。这符合reserve操作的定义:reserve()表示容器预留空间,但不是真正的创建对象。所以这里的size为0,当前容器里根本没有元素
操作4
v1.resize(200);
v2.reserve(200);
v3.reserve(200);
v4.resize(200);
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
混用resize()和reserve()函数,看一下输出结果:
v1_size: 200 , vl_capacity: 200
v2_size: 101 , v2_capacity: 200
v3_size: 0 , v3_capacity: 200
v4_size: 200 , v4_capacity: 200
v1的size和capacity都为200,符合resize()的作用:size和capacity都改变
v2的size为101,capacity为200,符合reserve()的作用:不改变size,但改变capacity
v3经过两次reserve()后,size为0,capacity为200,同样符合reserve()的作用
v4先经过一次reserve(),此时size为0,capacity为200;再经过resize()后,size和capacity都为200
操作5
输出:
v4_size: 201 , v4_capacity: 300
在给v4添加新元素之前,v4的size和capacity都为200。我们给v4添加一个元素后,size为201,capacity却已经变成300了
可见系统给vector动态分配的存储空间,真的难以捉摸
代码完整版
// Summary: C++ vector中的resize和reserve函数使用
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(){
vector<int> v1;
vector<int> v2;
vector<int> v3;
vector<int> v4;
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity()<<endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
v2.push_back(99);
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
int nums = 20;
for (int i = 0; i < nums; ++i){
v2.push_back(i+1);
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
}
cout << endl;
v1.resize(100);
v2.resize(100);
v2.push_back(99); // 添加一个元素
v3.reserve(100);
v4.reserve(100);
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
v1.resize(200);
v2.reserve(200);
v3.reserve(200);
v4.resize(200);
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
v4.push_back(8);
cout << "v1_size: " << v1.size() << "\t vl_capacity: " << v1.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v2_size: " << v2.size() << "\t v2_capacity: " << v2.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v3_size: " << v3.size() << "\t v3_capacity: " << v3.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v4_size: " << v4.size() << "\t v4_capacity: " << v4.capacity() << endl << endl;
return 0;
}
参考
std::vector:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/vector/vector/