DX12学习笔记:Direct3D应用程序框架

在经过了对Direct3D的应该程序框架学习之后，理解了Direct3D作为程序员与图形硬件的桥梁，提供的种种初始化方法，学习的书籍《3D GAME PROGRAMMING WITH DIRECTX 12》提供了一个封装整个Direct3D初识化绘图准备的类D3DApp，作为今后程序的基础框架

下面是提供的d3dApp.h

//***************************************************************************************
// d3dApp.h by Frank Luna (C) 2015 All Rights Reserved.
//***************************************************************************************

#pragma once

#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)
#define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
#include <crtdbg.h>
#endif

#include "d3dUtil.h"//提供了一些辅助工具
#include "GameTimer.h"//编写了一个用以计时的GameTimer类

// Link necessary d3d12 libraries.
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dcompiler.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D12.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dxgi.lib")

class D3DApp
{
protected:

    D3DApp(HINSTANCE hInstance);
    D3DApp(const D3DApp& rhs) = delete;
    D3DApp& operator=(const D3DApp& rhs) = delete;
    virtual ~D3DApp();

public:

    static D3DApp* GetApp();
    
	HINSTANCE AppInst()const;
	HWND      MainWnd()const;
	float     AspectRatio()const;

    bool Get4xMsaaState()const;
    void Set4xMsaaState(bool value);

	int Run();
 
    virtual bool Initialize();
    virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

protected:
    virtual void CreateRtvAndDsvDescriptorHeaps();
	virtual void OnResize(); 
	virtual void Update(const GameTimer& gt)=0;
    virtual void Draw(const GameTimer& gt)=0;

	// Convenience overrides for handling mouse input.
	virtual void OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){ }
	virtual void OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)  { }
	virtual void OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){ }

protected:

	bool InitMainWindow();
	bool InitDirect3D();
	void CreateCommandObjects();
    void CreateSwapChain();

	void FlushCommandQueue();

	ID3D12Resource* CurrentBackBuffer()const;
	D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE CurrentBackBufferView()const;
	D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE DepthStencilView()const;

	void CalculateFrameStats();

    void LogAdapters();
    void LogAdapterOutputs(IDXGIAdapter* adapter);
    void LogOutputDisplayModes(IDXGIOutput* output, DXGI_FORMAT format);

protected:

    static D3DApp* mApp;

    HINSTANCE mhAppInst = nullptr; // application instance handle
    HWND      mhMainWnd = nullptr; // main window handle
	bool      mAppPaused = false;  // is the application paused?
	bool      mMinimized = false;  // is the application minimized?
	bool      mMaximized = false;  // is the application maximized?
	bool      mResizing = false;   // are the resize bars being dragged?
    bool      mFullscreenState = false;// fullscreen enabled

	// Set true to use 4X MSAA (?.1.8).  The default is false.
    bool      m4xMsaaState = false;    // 4X MSAA enabled
    UINT      m4xMsaaQuality = 0;      // quality level of 4X MSAA

	// Used to keep track of the 揹elta-time?and game time (?.4).
	GameTimer mTimer;
	
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> mdxgiFactory;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain> mSwapChain;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Device> md3dDevice;

    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> mFence;
    UINT64 mCurrentFence = 0;
	
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12CommandQueue> mCommandQueue;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12CommandAllocator> mDirectCmdListAlloc;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12GraphicsCommandList> mCommandList;

	static const int SwapChainBufferCount = 2;
	int mCurrBackBuffer = 0;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> mSwapChainBuffer[SwapChainBufferCount];
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> mDepthStencilBuffer;

    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12DescriptorHeap> mRtvHeap;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12DescriptorHeap> mDsvHeap;

    D3D12_VIEWPORT mScreenViewport; 
    D3D12_RECT mScissorRect;

	UINT mRtvDescriptorSize = 0;
	UINT mDsvDescriptorSize = 0;
	UINT mCbvSrvUavDescriptorSize = 0;

	// Derived class should set these in derived constructor to customize starting values.
	std::wstring mMainWndCaption = L"d3d App";
	D3D_DRIVER_TYPE md3dDriverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE;
    DXGI_FORMAT mBackBufferFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    DXGI_FORMAT mDepthStencilFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
	int mClientWidth = 800;
	int mClientHeight = 600;
};

下面是提供的实现代码

//***************************************************************************************
// d3dApp.cpp by Frank Luna (C) 2015 All Rights Reserved.
//***************************************************************************************

#include "d3dApp.h"
#include <WindowsX.h>

using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
using namespace std;
using namespace DirectX;

LRESULT CALLBACK
MainWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	// Forward