《从0开始写一个微内核操作系统》0-环境准备

环境

Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS

编译工具链

我们选择GCC的裸机版本（Arm GNU Toolchain Downloads – Arm Developer）
x86_64 Linux hosted cross toolchains --> AArch64 bare-metal target (aarch64-none-elf)

代码构建

编译工具：Ninja
构建工具：GN

Ninja构建

安装依赖

sudo apt install re2c
re2c --version

下载Ninja

git clone https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja.git

编译安装

./configure.py --bootstrap
sudo cp ninja /usr/bin
ninja --version

GN构建

安装依赖

sudo apt-get install clang-7

修改软链接

cd /usr/bin
sudo ln -s clang-7 clang
sudo ln -s clang++-7 clang++
sudo ln -s clang-cpp-7 clang-cpp
clang++ --version

下载GN

git clone https://github.com/timniederhausen/gn.git

编译安装

./build/gen.py
ninja -C out
sudo cp ./out/gn /usr/bin
gn --version

仿真运行

我们选择QEMU作为模拟器进行仿真调试

QEMU源码安装

# 7.0
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz

sudo apt install pkg-config
sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev
sudo apt install libpixman-1-dev
sudo apt install bison flex

sudo ./configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu --enable-kvm
#sudo ./configure --target-list=arm-softmmu --enable-kvm

sudo make -j8
sudo make install

qemu-system-aarch64 --version
#qemu-system-arm --version

QEMU board

board：virt（‘virt’ generic virtual platform (virt) — QEMU 7.1.50 documentation）
默认virt = virt-7.0
默认gic-version = gicv3（vir >= virt-2.7）
可根据自己需求进行cpu/memory/device进行定制
我们选择

• CPU：cortex-a53
• Memory：1G

默认uart = pl011

根据配置输出DTS信息

qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu cortex-a53 -m 512 -smp 4 -M virt,gic-version=3,dumpdtb=dump.dtb
dtc -o dump.dts -O dts -I dtb dump.dtb

QEMU debug

启动gdb server

qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1024 -nographic -kernel ./out/os.elf -S -s

启动gdb client

aarch64-none-elf-gdb --tui ./out/os.elf
target remote localhost:1234

常用GDB操作

break 16          <----------- 设置断点，在源程序第16行处
break func        <----------- 设置断点，在函数func()入口处
info break        <----------- 查看断点信息。
r                 <----------- 运行程序，run命令简写
n                 <----------- 单条语句执行，next命令简写
c                 <----------- 继续运行程序，continue命令简写
p i               <----------- 打印变量i的值，print命令简写
bt                <----------- 查看函数堆栈
q                 <----------- 退出gdb
break *address    <----------- 在程序运行的内存地址处停住
delete n          <----------- 清除n号断点
x/<n/f/u> <addr>  <----------- 查看内存
eg： x/100uh 0x54320:从0x54320读取内容，h双字节为一个单位，100表示3个单位，u
ctrl+c            <----------- 暂停
si/ni             <----------- 单步运行

info registers/b  <----------- 查看当前寄存器和断点            
display /20i $pc  <----------- 查看当前执行及后20行汇编指令

layout split
layout regs
layout asm

VSCode + QEMU + GDB

launch.json

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "kernel qemu debug",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/out/os.elf",
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath":"aarch64-none-elf-gdb",
            "miDebuggerServerAddress": "localhost:1234",
            "preLaunchTask": "qemu"
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "qemu",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1024 -nographic -kernel ${workspaceFolder}/out/os.elf -S -s",
            "presentation": {
                "echo": true,
                "clear": true,
                "group": "qemu"
            },
            "isBackground": true,
            "problemMatcher": [],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

点击左上角的运行（F5）即可在VSCODE中进行GDB调试