知识点滴 - 项目阶段的定义

项目阶段的定义

术语项目阶段指的是项目中一些活动的集合。每个项目阶段都以目标为导向，并在一个里程碑处结束。达到这些里程碑意味着项目的进展。每个阶段都可以划分为子阶段。项目计划（例如，项目网络图）明确了各个阶段的系统层次，并建立了它们之间的依赖关系。

如果项目阶段是按顺序规划的，术语瀑布模型就被用于这种项目规划。每个阶段都是在另一个阶段之后安排的，它们不会重叠。

如果项目阶段在迭代型项目计划中使用，例如在敏捷项目管理中，各个阶段可以重叠，因为一个阶段的个别步骤或任务可以在另一个阶段采用，以实现优化。

典型的项目阶段有：

* 项目定义：定义项目的范围和目标，通常使用客户的规格表描述。

* 项目规划：确定整个项目的开始和结束日期，分配必要的资源，并绘制项目计划的各阶段。

* 项目执行和控制

* 项目完成：包括客户对交付物的检查和批准

示例：

项目阶段定义：P1 - P6

P1: Customer Scope

P2: Concept Validation

P3: Definition

P4: Devlopment

P5: Validation

P6: Launch

任务(Task)定义：

Requirement management

Concept definition

Design and architecture

Engineer analysis & simulation

Prototype

Product implementation/coding

Product validation

Product verification

Product certification

Project management

Unit testing

Integration & build

Project planning & specification

Quality assurance

Procurement material/servies

Deployment/release

Reliability

Training

Training material preparation

Configuration support

Engineering support

Lab management

Marketing/sales support

Misc/ others

子任务(Sub Task)定义：

Plan

Do

Check

Improve

Rework

Period of time during the project procedure

The term project phase refers to a collection of activities within a project. Each project phase is goal-oriented and ends at a milestone. Reaching these milestones means the project progresses. Each phase can be divided into sub-phases. The project plan (e. g. a project network diagram) clarifies the systematic hierarchy of the individual phases and establishes dependencies among them.

If the project phases are planned sequentially, the term waterfall model is used for that kind of project planning. Each phase is scheduled after the other and they do not overlap.

If project phases are part of an iterative project plan, e. g. in agile project management, the individual phases can overlap as individual steps or tasks from one phase can be adopted in another phase for optimization.

Typical project phases are:

* Project definition: defines the project's scope and objective, usually described in the customer's specification sheet

* Project planning: setting the start- and end date for the whole project, allocating necessary resources and drawing the project plan with the phases

* Project execution and controlling

* Project completion: includes the inspection and approval of the deliverables by the customer

参考：

What is a project phase?