工程师 - 安装和使用OpenSSH

To install and run OpenSSH (Open Secure Shell), which is a suite of secure networking utilities based on the SSH protocol, follow these steps depending on your operating system. Below are instructions for Linux (Debian/Ubuntu, CentOS/RHEL) and Windows.

1. Installing OpenSSH on Linux

Debian/Ubuntu-based systems

1. Update the package list:

   sudo apt update

2. Install OpenSSH server:

   sudo apt install openssh-server

3. Check the service status:
   After installation, OpenSSH server starts automatically. You can check its status using:

   sudo systemctl status ssh

4. Start the OpenSSH server (if it’s not running):

   sudo systemctl start ssh

5. Enable OpenSSH to start at boot:

   sudo systemctl enable ssh

6. Configure the firewall (optional):
   If your system uses ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall), allow SSH traffic:

   sudo ufw allow ssh
   sudo ufw enable

CentOS/RHEL-based systems

1. Update the system:

   sudo yum update

2. Install OpenSSH server:

   sudo yum install openssh-server

3. Start and enable OpenSSH service:

   sudo systemctl start sshd
   sudo systemctl enable sshd

4. Open firewall for SSH:

   sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ssh
   sudo firewall-cmd --reload

5. Check SSH service status:

   sudo systemctl status sshd

2. Installing OpenSSH on Windows 10/11

Starting from Windows 10 version 1803, OpenSSH client and server are available as optional features.

Install OpenSSH Client (optional, for making SSH connections)

1. Go to Settings → Apps → Optional Features.
2. Click on Add a feature.
3. Find OpenSSH Client, and click Install.

Install OpenSSH Server (for hosting SSH connections)

1. Open Settings → Apps → Optional Features.
2. Scroll down to Add a feature.
3. Find OpenSSH Server, and click Install.

Start and Configure OpenSSH Server

注意使用管理员权限打开PowerShell.

1. Start OpenSSH server:
   Open a command prompt as administrator and run:

   net start sshd

2. Enable OpenSSH to start on boot:

   Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'

3. Allow SSH through Windows Firewall:
   Open PowerShell as administrator and run:

   New-NetFirewallRule -Name sshd -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22

3. Connecting via OpenSSH

Once the OpenSSH server is installed and running, you can connect to it from another device using the SSH client (which is typically pre-installed on Linux or macOS systems). For Windows, you can use the OpenSSH client or third-party tools like PuTTY.

To connect to an OpenSSH server, use:

ssh username@ip_address

Replace username with your server’s username and ip_address with your server’s IP address or domain name.

4. Basic OpenSSH Configuration

You can configure OpenSSH by editing the sshd_config file, typically located at:

• Linux: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
• Windows: C:\ProgramData\ssh\sshd_config

To apply any changes to this configuration, restart the SSH service:

sudo systemctl restart ssh

For Windows, restart the service with:

Restart-Service sshd

This guide should help you install and run OpenSSH on both Linux and Windows platforms.