积分图快速计算

积分图是图像中十分常用的方法，最初是在计算Haar特征值时的快速计算方法，后来在均值滤波，二值化等图像处理方法中也十分常见。积分图的计算原理：

C++代码（亲测通过）：

/******************************************
* 快速计算积分图
* Integral(i,j) = Integral(i,j-1) + Integral(i-1,j) - Integral(i-1,j-1) + Image(i,j)
* 于是，对一张W*H的图像直接求取积分图，需要：(W-1)+(H-1)+3*(W-1)*(H-1)次加法
*/

void Integral(unsigned char* inputMatrix, unsigned long* outputMatrix, int width, int height)
{  
    // calculate integral of the first line  
    for(int i=0;i<width;i++){  
        outputMatrix[i] = inputMatrix[i];  
        if(i>0){  
            outputMatrix[i] += outputMatrix[i-1];  
        }  
    }  
    for (int i=1;i<height;i++){  
        int offset = i*width;  
        // first column of each line  
        outputMatrix[offset] = outputMatrix[offset-width] + inputMatrix[offset];  
        // other columns
        for (int j = 1; j < width; j++) {
        	outputMatrix[offset+j] = outputMatrix[offset + j - 1] + 
        				 outputMatrix[offset + j - width] - 
        				 outputMatrix[offset + j - width - 1] + 
        				 inputMatrix[offset + j];
        }
    }  
    return;  
}

// test
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	cout << ">> ----" << "\n" << endl;
	
	int nRows = 4;
	int nCols = 6;
	unsigned char inputMatrix[24] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,
					 1,1,1,1,1,1,
					 2,1,2,1,2,1,
					 4,5,6,1,2,3};
	unsigned long outputMatrix[24];
	memset(outputMatrix, 0, 24*sizeof(unsigned long));
	Integral(inputMatrix, outputMatrix, nCols, nRows);
	for(int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) {
		for (int c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {
			cout << setw(5) << outputMatrix[r * nCols + c];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	
	cout << "\n" << ">> ----" << endl;
	return 0;
}