图像处理之灰度图像转换与二值化

灰度图像与二值化

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问题描述：将彩色图像转换为灰度图像并进行二值化处理

代码如下（示例）：

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

cv::Mat BGR2GRAY(cv::Mat img)
{
   
    int width = img.cols;
    int height = img.rows;
	
	// CV_8UC1代表单通道的8bit array数组
    cv::Mat new_image = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i){
   
        for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j){
   
        	// 转换公式 img_gray = 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B;
        	// 需要注意图像格式输出的是整数
            new_image.at<uchar>(i, j) = 0.2126 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[2]\
                    + 0.7152 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[1]\
                    + 0.0722 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
        }
    }
    return new_image;
}

cv::Mat Binarize(cv::Mat img, int thres)
{
   
    int width = img.cols;
    int height = img.rows;

    cv::Mat new_image = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i){
   
        for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j){
   
            if (img.at<uchar>(i, j) > thres)
            {
   
                new_image.at<uchar>(i, j) = 255;
            }
            else
            {
   
                img.at<uchar>(i, j) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    return new_image;
}

cv::Mat Binarize_Otsu(cv::Mat img)
{
   
    int width = img.cols;
    int height = img.rows;
    double count0 = 0, count1 = 0;
    double sum_val0 = 0, sum_val1 = 0;
    double sigma_max = 0, sigma = 0;
    int thres = 0;
    int val = 0;

    for (int th = 0; th < 255; ++th)
    {
   
        for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i)
        {
   
            count0 = 0;    // 每次循环重置参数
            count1 = 0;
            sum_val0 = 0;
            sum_val1 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j)
            {
   
                val = (int)img.at<uchar>(i, j);
                if (val < th)
                {
   
                    count0++;
                    sum_val0 += val;
                }
                else
                {
   
                    count1++;
                    sum_val1 += val;
                }
            }
        }
        sum_val0 /= count0;
        sum_val1 /= count1;
        count0 /= (height * width);
        count1 /= (height * width);
        sigma = count0 * count1 * pow((sum_val0 - sum_val1), 2);

        if (sigma > sigma_max)
        {
   
            sigma_max = sigma;
            thres