ubuntu18.04安装Tensorflow2.x+CUDA 教程

一、查看硬件

lspci | grep VGA
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM206 [GeForce GTX 960] (rev a1)

我的电脑上是GTX960显卡 （Low~~~~）

uname -a
Linux 5.4.0-97-generic #110~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 17 20:50:31 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

系统是Ubuntu18.04

python使用的是python3.8.

二、卸载原有的驱动

sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia*
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt-get --purge remove "*cublas*" "cuda*"
sudo apt-get --purge remove "*nvidia*"

三、安装显卡驱动

进入nvidia网站：
https://www.nvidia.com/download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

找到gtx960对应的驱动,下面是我下载驱动：

LINUX X64 (AMD64/EM64T) DISPLAY DRIVER
 
Version:	495.46
Release Date:	2021.12.13
Operating System:	Linux 64-bit
Language:	English (US)
File Size:	267.87 MB

完成驱动的安装.

四、安装cuda

以下内容参考Tensorflow官网

# Add NVIDIA package repositories
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu1804.pin
sudo mv cuda-ubuntu1804.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/ /"
sudo apt-get update

wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb

sudo apt install ./nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/libnvinfer7_7.1.3-1+cuda11.0_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libnvinfer7_7.1.3-1+cuda11.0_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update

# Install development and runtime libraries (~4GB)
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends \
    cuda-11-0 \
    libcudnn8=8.0.4.30-1+cuda11.0  \
    libcudnn8-dev=8.0.4.30-1+cuda11.0

# Reboot. Check that GPUs are visible using the command: nvidia-smi

# Install TensorRT. Requires that libcudnn8 is installed above.
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libnvinfer7=7.1.3-1+cuda11.0 \
    libnvinfer-dev=7.1.3-1+cuda11.0 \
    libnvinfer-plugin7=7.1.3-1+cuda11.0

添加环境变量

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.0/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

五、安装tensorflow

直接使用pip安装

pip3 install tensorflow==2.4.0

我安装的是tensorflow2.4.0版本，对应的就是CUDA11.0这里已经要一一对应，版本对应列表：

Version	Python version	Compiler	Build tools	cuDNN	CUDA
tensorflow-2.7.0	3.7-3.9	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 3.7.2	8.1	11.2
tensorflow-2.6.0	3.6-3.9	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 3.7.2	8.1	11.2
tensorflow-2.5.0	3.6-3.9	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 3.7.2	8.1	11.2
tensorflow-2.4.0	3.6-3.8	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 3.1.0	8.0	11.0
tensorflow-2.3.0	3.5-3.8	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 3.1.0	7.6	10.1
tensorflow-2.2.0	3.5-3.8	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 2.0.0	7.6	10.1
tensorflow-2.1.0	2.7, 3.5-3.7	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 0.27.1	7.6	10.1
tensorflow-2.0.0	2.7, 3.3-3.7	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 0.26.1	7.4	10.0

六、测试

使用python测试是否安装成功：

import tensorflow as tf 
tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU' 

打印：

2022-02-07 14:21:23.858834: I tensorflow/compiler/jit/xla_cpu_device.cc:41] Not creating XLA devices, tf_xla_enable_xla_devices not set
2022-02-07 14:21:23.859605: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcuda.so.1
2022-02-07 14:21:23.882858: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:941] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
2022-02-07 14:21:23.883052: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1720] Found device 0 with properties: 
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0 name: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 960 computeCapability: 5.2
coreClock: 1.266GHz coreCount: 8 deviceMemorySize: 3.95GiB deviceMemoryBandwidth: 104.46GiB/s
2022-02-07 14:21:23.883085: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcudart.so.11.0
2022-02-07 14:21:23.885070: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcublas.so.11
2022-02-07 14:21:23.885163: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcublasLt.so.11
2022-02-07 14:21:23.886086: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcufft.so.10
2022-02-07 14:21:23.886418: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcurand.so.10
2022-02-07 14:21:23.888696: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcusolver.so.10
2022-02-07 14:21:23.889288: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcusparse.so.11
2022-02-07 14:21:23.889449: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcudnn.so.8
2022-02-07 14:21:23.889591: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:941] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
2022-02-07 14:21:23.889813: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:941] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
2022-02-07 14:21:23.889964: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1862] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
[PhysicalDevice(name='/physical_device:GPU:0', device_type='GPU')]

安装成功，喜大普奔～～～。

陆陆续续装了一个三天，还是官网靠谱，强烈推荐去官网上进行安装学习！