PointNet：深度学习、点云分割（一）

PointNet 点云分割网络是2017年在CVPR的一篇文章提出

Cite:

R. Q. Charles, H. Su, M. Kaichun and L. J. Guibas, "PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentation," 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017, pp. 77-85, doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2017.16.

Paper Address:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8099499

网络框架：

输入数据（input points）：n*3（n个点对应的x，y，z坐标） 

input transform：对输入的三维点云数据进行平移、旋转变换从而对齐网络

def input_transform_net(point_cloud, is_training, bn_decay=None, K=3):
    """ Input (XYZ) Transform Net, input is BxNx3 gray image
        Return:
            Transformation matrix of size 3xK """
    batch_size = point_cloud.get_shape()[0].value
    num_point = point_cloud.get_shape()[1].value
    # 在点的x，y，z后增加一个维度，赋值为-1
    input_image = tf.expand_dims(point_cloud, -1)
    # 卷积生成64个通道
    net = tf_util.conv2d(input_image, 64, [1,3],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    # 卷积生成128个通道
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    # 卷积生成1024个通道
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 1024, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv3', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.max_pool2d(net, [num_point,1],
                             padding='VALID', scope='tmaxpool')
    net = tf.reshape(net, [batch_size, -1])
    # net的size变成bactch*1024，即每批点保留1024个特征
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 512, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='tfc1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 256, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='tfc2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    # 计算仿射变化（旋转、平移）
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_XYZ') as sc:
        assert(K==3)
        weights = tf.get_variable('weights', [256, 3*K],
                                  initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0),
                                  dtype=tf.float32)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [3*K],
                                 initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0),
                                 dtype=tf.float32)
        biases += tf.constant([1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1], dtype=tf.float32)
        transform = tf.matmul(net, weights)
        transform = tf.nn.bias_add(transform, biases)
    transform = tf.reshape(transform, [batch_size, 3, K])
    return transform

feature transform：思路与input transform一致，只是是在64维的特征空间进行变换

def feature_transform_net(inputs, is_training, bn_decay=None, K=64):
    """ Feature Transform Net, input is BxNx1xK
        Return:
            Transformation matrix of size KxK """
    batch_size = inputs.get_shape()[0].value
    num_point = inputs.get_shape()[1].value
    net = tf_util.conv2d(inputs, 64, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 1024, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='tconv3', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.max_pool2d(net, [num_point,1],
                             padding='VALID', scope='tmaxpool')
    net = tf.reshape(net, [batch_size, -1])
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 512, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='tfc1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 256, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='tfc2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_feat') as sc:
        weights = tf.get_variable('weights', [256, K*K],
                                  initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0),
                                  dtype=tf.float32)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [K*K],
                                 initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0),
                                 dtype=tf.float32)
        biases += tf.constant(np.eye(K).flatten(), dtype=tf.float32)
        transform = tf.matmul(net, weights)
        transform = tf.nn.bias_add(transform, biases)
    transform = tf.reshape(transform, [batch_size, K, K])
    return transform

分类网络（classification network）：分类网络直接采用1024维的全局特征来将数据分为k类

def get_model(point_cloud, is_training, bn_decay=None):
    """ Classification PointNet, input is BxNx3, output Bx40 """
    batch_size = point_cloud.get_shape()[0].value
    num_point = point_cloud.get_shape()[1].value
    end_points = {}
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_net1') as sc:
        transform = input_transform_net(point_cloud, is_training, bn_decay, K=3)
    point_cloud_transformed = tf.matmul(point_cloud, transform)
    input_image = tf.expand_dims(point_cloud_transformed, -1)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(input_image, 64, [1,3],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 64, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_net2') as sc:
        transform = feature_transform_net(net, is_training, bn_decay, K=64)
    end_points['transform'] = transform
    net_transformed = tf.matmul(tf.squeeze(net, axis=[2]), transform)
    net_transformed = tf.expand_dims(net_transformed, [2])
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net_transformed, 64, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv3', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv4', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 1024, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv5', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.max_pool2d(net, [num_point,1],
                             padding='VALID', scope='maxpool')
    net = tf.reshape(net, [batch_size, -1])
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 512, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='fc1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.dropout(net, keep_prob=0.7, is_training=is_training,
                          scope='dp1')
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 256, bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                                  scope='fc2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.dropout(net, keep_prob=0.7, is_training=is_training,
                          scope='dp2')
    net = tf_util.fully_connected(net, 40, activation_fn=None, scope='fc3')
    # 输出分类结果，以及64维的特征值
    return net, end_points

分割网络（Segmentation network）：结合局部特征与总体特征对点云数据进行分割

def get_model(point_cloud, is_training, bn_decay=None):
    """ Classification PointNet, input is BxNx3, output BxNx50 """
    batch_size = point_cloud.get_shape()[0].value
    num_point = point_cloud.get_shape()[1].value
    end_points = {}
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_net1') as sc:
        transform = input_transform_net(point_cloud, is_training, bn_decay, K=3)
    point_cloud_transformed = tf.matmul(point_cloud, transform)
    input_image = tf.expand_dims(point_cloud_transformed, -1)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(input_image, 64, [1,3],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv1', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 64, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv2', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    with tf.variable_scope('transform_net2') as sc:
        transform = feature_transform_net(net, is_training, bn_decay, K=64)
    end_points['transform'] = transform
    net_transformed = tf.matmul(tf.squeeze(net, axis=[2]), transform)
    point_feat = tf.expand_dims(net_transformed, [2])
    print(point_feat)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(point_feat, 64, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv3', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv4', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 1024, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv5', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    global_feat = tf_util.max_pool2d(net, [num_point,1],
                                     padding='VALID', scope='maxpool')
    # 计算1024维的全局特征
    print(global_feat)
    global_feat_expand = tf.tile(global_feat, [1, num_point, 1, 1])
    concat_feat = tf.concat(3, [point_feat, global_feat_expand])
    print(concat_feat)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(concat_feat, 512, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv6', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 256, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv7', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv8', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 128, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1],
                         bn=True, is_training=is_training,
                         scope='conv9', bn_decay=bn_decay)
    net = tf_util.conv2d(net, 50, [1,1],
                         padding='VALID', stride=[1,1], activation_fn=None,
                         scope='conv10')
    net = tf.squeeze(net, [2])
    return net, end_points