1.背景
OpenCV函数的CUDA优化是为了利用NVIDIA GPU的并行计算能力来提高算法的运行速度和性能。在CPU上使用OpenCV时,每个像素的操作都需要独立计算,而在GPU上,可以将像素分配给不同的线程块,并同时执行这些操作,从而显著加快算法的处理速度。此外,由于GPU具有更多的内存带宽和更快的访问速度,因此对于一些需要大量数据处理的任务,CUDA优化可以进一步提高OpenCV函数的效率
2.代码实现
首先,创建一个名为 my_kernel.cu
的文件,其中包含一个简单的 CUDA 核函数:
#include <cuda_runtime_api.h>
__global__ void remap_kernel(const unsigned char *src, int src_width, int src_height,
unsigned char *dst, int dst_width, int dst_height,
const float *map_x, const float *map_y) {
int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;
if (x < dst_width && y < dst_height) {
int index = (y * dst_width + x) * 3;
float src_x = map_x[index / 3];
float src_y = map_y[index / 3];
if (src_x >= 0 && src_x < src_width - 1 && src_y >= 0 && src_y < src_height - 1) {
int x0 = floorf(src_x);
int y0 = floorf(src_y);
int x1 = x0 + 1;
int y1 = y0 + 1;
float tx = src_x - x0;
float ty = src_y - y0;
int src_index00 = (y0 * src_width + x0) * 3;
int src_index10 = (y0 * src_width + x1) * 3;
int src_index01 = (y1 * src_width + x0) * 3;
int src_index11 = (y1 * src_width + x1) * 3;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
float value00 = src[src_index00 + i];
float value10 = src[src_index10 + i];
float value01 = src[src_index01 + i];
float value11 = src[src_index11 + i];
float value0 = value00 * (1.0f - tx) + value10 * tx;
float value1 = value01 * (1.0f - tx) + value11 * tx;
float value = value0 * (1.0f - ty) + value1 * ty;
dst[index + i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(value);
}
}
}
}
extern "C" void remap_gpu(const unsigned char *in, int in_width, int in_height,
unsigned char *out, int out_width, int out_height,
const float *map_x, const float *map_y) {
unsigned char *d_in, *d_out;
float *d_map_x, *d_map_y;
cudaMalloc((void**)&d_in, in_width * in_height * 3);
cudaMalloc((void**)&d_out, out_width * out_height * 3);
cudaMalloc((void**)&d_map_x, out_width * out_height * sizeof(float));
cudaMalloc((void**)&d_map_y, out_width * out_height * sizeof(float));
cudaMemcpy(d_in, in, in_width * in_height * 3, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_map_x, map_x, out_width * out_height * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_map_y, map_y, out_width * out_height * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
dim3 block(32, 32, 1);
dim3 grid((out_width + block.x - 1) / block.x, (out_height + block.y - 1) / block.y, 1);
remap_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(d_in, in_width, in_height, d_out, out_width, out_height, d_map_x, d_map_y);
cudaMemcpy(out, d_out, out_width * out_height * 3, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
cudaFree(d_in);
cudaFree(d_out);
cudaFree(d_map_x);
cudaFree(d_map_y);
}
我们将其保存在名为 my_kernel.cu
的文件中,并编译为静态库。
接下来,我们创建一个名为 main.cpp
的文件,该文件使用 OpenCV 加载图像并调用 CUDA 核函数进行处理:
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
extern "C" void remap_gpu(const unsigned char *in, int in_width, int in_height,
unsigned char *out, int out_width, int out_height,
const float *map_x, const float *map_y);
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
Mat img = imread("input.jpg", IMREAD_COLOR);
if (img.empty()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open the input image\n");
exit(1);
}
int in_width = img.cols;
int in_height = img.rows;
Mat map_x(in_height, in_width, CV_32FC1);
Mat map_y(in_height, in_width, CV_32FC1);
// 创建重映射映射表
for (int y = 0; y < in_height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < in_width; x++) {
map_x.at<float>(y, x) =(x + 20) / (float)in_width * in_width;
map_y.at<float>(y, x) = y / (float)in_height * in_height;
}
}
int out_width = in_width;
int out_height = in_height;
unsigned char *in = (unsigned char*)img.data;
unsigned char *out = (unsigned char*)malloc(out_width * out_height * 3);
remap_gpu(in, in_width, in_height, out, out_width, out_height,
(float*)map_x.data, (float*)map_y.data);
Mat output(out_height, out_width, CV_8UC3, out);
imwrite("output.jpg", output);
free(out);
return 0;
}
最后,创建一个名为 CMakeLists.txt
的文件,用于编译程序和静态库:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(cuda_opencv)
find_package(CUDA REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
include_directories(${CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
# 编译 .cu 文件为静态库
cuda_add_library(my_kernel STATIC my_kernel.cu)
# 链接静态库和主程序
add_executable(main main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(main my_kernel ${OpenCV_LIBS})
在这个文件中,我们使用 find_package
命令查找必要的 CUDA 和 OpenCV 库。
3.问题及参考