opencv缩放算法

1.opencv插值介绍

opencv提供resize函数用来做图像缩放，该函数有6个参数：
（1）输入图像，Mat型
（2）输出图像，Mat型
（3）输出图像大小，可用cv::Size(out_img_width, out_img_height)来表示，如果该值为0，则输出大小由第4，5两个参数fx、fy决定
（4）水平缩放因子，如果该值为0，则会按照(double)dsize.width/src.cols来计算
（5）重直缩放因子，如果该值为0，则会按照(double)dsize.height/src.rows来计算
（6）插值算法，可以选择各种插值算法

2.插值参数选择

opencv文档及代码写的很清楚了，这里就不再细说，实际使用上，对于放大场景来说，双立方插值INTER_CUBIC与lanczos插值INTER_LANCZOS4效果较好，而缩小场景，效果最好的算法为面积关联法INTER_AREA，该方法在放大时，效果与最近邻算法差不多。
INTER_NEAREST - a nearest-neighbor interpolation
INTER_LINEAR - a bilinear interpolation (used by default)
INTER_AREA - resampling using pixel area relation. It may be a preferred method for image decimation, as it gives moire’-free results. But when the image is zoomed, it is similar to the INTER_NEAREST method.
INTER_CUBIC - a bicubic interpolation over 4x4 pixel neighborhood
INTER_LANCZOS4 - a Lanczos interpolation over 8x8 pixel neighborhood

enum InterpolationFlags{
    /** nearest neighbor interpolation */
    INTER_NEAREST        = 0,
    /** bilinear interpolation */
    INTER_LINEAR         = 1,
    /** bicubic interpolation */
    INTER_CUBIC          = 2,
    /** resampling using pixel area relation. It may be a preferred method for image decimation, as
    it gives moire'-free results. But when the image is zoomed, it is similar to the INTER_NEAREST
    method. */
    INTER_AREA           = 3,
    /** Lanczos interpolation over 8x8 neighborhood */
    INTER_LANCZOS4       = 4,
    /** Bit exact bilinear interpolation */
    INTER_LINEAR_EXACT = 5,
    /** mask for interpolation codes */
    INTER_MAX            = 7,
    /** flag, fills all of the destination image pixels. If some of them correspond to outliers in the
    source image, they are set to zero */
    WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS   = 8,
    /** flag, inverse transformation

    For example, #linearPolar or #logPolar transforms:
    - flag is __not__ set: \f$dst( \rho , \phi ) = src(x,y)\f$
    - flag is set: \f$dst(x,y) = src( \rho , \phi )\f$
    */
    WARP_INVERSE_MAP     = 16
};

3.demo

img_decode为输入图像，img_resize为输出图像

resize(img_decode, img_resize, Size(img_dst_width, img_dst_height), 0, 0, INTER_LANCZOS4);

下面为缩小case，原图分辨率为633x773，目标分辨率为286x350，如下分别为面积插值、双线性、lanczos效果，面积关联法效果最佳：

这里的插值基本都是传统的算法，基于底层像素数据做的处理，后续单独再来介绍这里的算法原理。而在放大等领域，近几年出现了大量的super resolution算法，在手机zoom、视频播放等场景应用广泛。
参考
[1] https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/modules/imgproc/doc/geometric_transformations.html?highlight=resize