C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第四章 4.1-4.2）

4.1 arrayone.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int yams[3];    // creates array with three elements
    yams[0] = 7;    // assign value to first element
    yams[1] = 8;
    yams[2] = 6;

    int yamcosts[3] = { 20, 30, 5 }; // create, initialize array

    cout << "Total yams = ";
    cout << yams[0] + yams[1] + yams[2] << endl;
    cout << "The package with " << yams[1] << " yams costs ";
    cout << yamcosts[1] << " cents per yam.\n";
    int total = yams[0] * yamcosts[0] + yams[1] * yamcosts[1];
    total = total + yams[2] * yamcosts[2];
    cout << "The total yam expense is " << total << " cents.\n";

    cout << "\nSize of yams array = " << sizeof yams;
    cout << " bytes.\n";
    cout << "Size of one element = " << sizeof yams[0];
    cout << " bytes.\n";
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 此代码主要演示了c++中数组的应用，与c相似
2. 数组有三个元素，编号为0~2，每个元素都是int类型
3. 数组包含三个元素，其大小为12byte，每个元素大小为4byte

4.2 strings.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>  // for the strlen() function
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    const int Size = 15;
    char name1[Size];               // empty array
    char name2[Size] = "C++owboy";  // initialized array

    cout << "Howdy! I'm " << name2;
    cout << "! What's your name?\n";
    cin >> name1;
    cout << "Well, " << name1 << ", your name has ";
    cout << strlen(name1) << " letters and is stored\n";
    cout << "in an array of " << sizeof(name1) << " bytes.\n";
    cout << "Your initial is " << name1[0] << ".\n";
    name2[3] = '\0';                // set to null character
    cout << "Here are the first 3 characters of my name: ";
    cout << name2 << endl;

    return 0;
}

1. 本代码主要探究字符串的长度
2. sizeof运算符指出整个数组的长度：15字节
3. 但strlen是计算储存在数组中字符串的长度，而非数组的长度（除了空字符‘\0’）
4. 从后面也可以看出输出时见到'\0'则停止，这种方法可以用来使用不同的数组长度——在指定位置修改符号常量为'\0'