C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第五章 5.6-5.12）

5.6 forstr1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "Enter a word: ";
    string word;
    cin >> word;

    // display letters in reverse order
    for (int i = word.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        cout << word[i];
    cout << "\nBye.\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数展示了使用for依次访问字符串中每个字符的方式
2. 该函数使用了string对象
3. string类的size（）是用来获得字符串中的字符数
4. 从最开始的word【i-1】开始，使用i--反向计数，依次取值

5.7 plus_one.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    int a = 20;
    int b = 20;

    cout << "a   = " << a << ":   b = " << b << "\n";
    cout << "a++ = " << a++ << ": ++b = " << ++b << "\n";
    cout << "a   = " << a << ":   b = " << b << "\n";
    // std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

1. 该函数展示了a++与++a的区别
2. a++意味着先使用a的值计算表达式，然后再+1，而++b则是先+1，再使用b的值计算表达式
3. 所以显示时这两者会有区别

5.8 block.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "The Amazing Accounto will sum and average ";
    cout << "five numbers for you.\n";
    cout << "Please enter five values:\n";
    double number;
    double sum = 0.0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    {                                   // block starts here
        cout << "Value " << i << ": ";
        cin >> number;
        sum += number;
    }                                   // block ends here
    cout << "Five exquisite choices indeed! ";
    cout << "They sum to " << sum << endl;
    cout << "and average to " << sum / 5 << ".\n";
    cout << "The Amazing Accounto bids you adieu!\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数展示了for花括号的使用方法
2. 花括号内的语句视为一个代码块

5.9 forstr2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "Enter a word: ";
    string word;
    cin >> word;

    // physically modify string object
    char temp;
    int i, j;
    for (j = 0, i = word.size() - 1; j < i; --i, ++j)
    {                       // start block
        temp = word[i];
        word[i] = word[j];
        word[j] = temp;
    }                       // end block
    cout << word << "\nDone\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数使用for函数完成了反转字符串的操作
2. j=0，i=字符串长度-1，之后++j，--i，当i<j时停止
3. 之后不断将word[i]的值赋值给temp，word[j]的值赋值给word[i],并将中间值赋值给word[j],以此实现反转

5.10 equal.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int quizscores[10] =
        { 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 19, 20, 18, 20, 20};

    cout << "Doing it right:\n";
    int i;
    for (i = 0; quizscores[i] == 20; i++)
        cout << "quiz " << i << " is a 20\n";
// Warning: you may prefer reading about this program
// to actually running it.
    cout << "Doing it dangerously wrong:\n";
    for (i = 0; quizscores[i] = 20; i++)
        cout << "quiz " << i << " is a 20\n";
	// cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数探究了字符串中等于20的字符，并将其找出来，到非20时停止
2. 之后则是指出了比较字符==与赋值字符=的不同，两者不可弄混
3. 赋值符号=会引发错误，使for一直循环

5.11 compstr1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>     // prototype for strcmp()
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char word[5] = "?ate";

    for (char ch = 'a'; strcmp(word, "mate"); ch++)
    {
        cout << word << endl;
        word[0] = ch;
    }
    cout << "After loop ends, word is " << word << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码是C风格的字符串比较
2. 通过不断改变第一个字符，来比较*ate和mate
3. 直到*从a变到m停止，条件符合

5.12 compstr2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>     // string class
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    string word = "?ate";

    for (char ch = 'a'; word != "mate"; ch++)
    {
        cout << word << endl;
        word[0] = ch;
    }
    cout << "After loop ends, word is " << word << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

1. 该代码是c++风格的字符串比较，看起来比c风格要简单许多
2. 比较直接使用！=重载运算符，而非strcmp，用起来要简单许多
3. 使用string对象更简单，也更直观