poj 2282 The Counting Problem (数位DP）

Description Given two integers a and b, we write the numbers between a and b, inclusive, in a list. Your task is to calculate the number of occurrences of each digit. For example, if a = 1024 and b = 1032, the list will be  1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 there are ten 0's in the list, ten 1's, seven 2's, three 3's, and etc. Input The input consists of up to 500 lines. Each line contains two numbers a and b where 0 < a, b < 100000000. The input is terminated by a line `0 0', which is not considered as part of the input. Output For each pair of input, output a line containing ten numbers separated by single spaces. The first number is the number of occurrences of the digit 0, the second is the number of occurrences of the digit 1, etc. Sample Input 1 10 44 497 346 542 1199 1748 1496 1403 1004 503 1714 190 1317 854 1976 494 1001 1960 0 0 Sample Output 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 85 185 185 185 190 96 96 96 95 93 40 40 40 93 136 82 40 40 40 40 115 666 215 215 214 205 205 154 105 106 16 113 19 20 114 20 20 19 19 16 107 105 100 101 101 197 200 200 200 200 413 1133 503 503 503 502 502 417 402 412 196 512 186 104 87 93 97 97 142 196 398 1375 398 398 405 499 499 495 488 471 294 1256 296 296 296 296 287 286 286 247 Source Shanghai 2004

题意：求出区间内0~9的个数

思路：建立f(k)和f(10*k+x)的关系，也就是说对于一个大数，先处理到末尾为0，然后再认为是从0开始10个10个数数到这个数。例如，f(2984)就先从2981数到2984（2,9,8各出现4次，1,2,3,4一次）然后f(2980)可以和f(298)建立递推（实际的时候用f(297)更好一点）。注意这里需要建立一个“乘子”，一开始为1，每次递推一层就*10，然后累加到0-9的记录上。

代码：

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int a[10],b[10];
void dfs(int n,int ans[],int len)
{
    if(n<=0)
       return;
    int d=n%10;
    int p=n/10;
    for(int i=1;i<=d;i++)  //不从0开始是方便下面第二个for循环；
        ans[i]+=len;
    while(p>0)
    {
        ans[p%10]+=(d+1)*len;  //尾数 0到d 对应有多少高位
        p=p/10;
    }
    for(int i=0;i<=9;i++)  
       ans[i]+=(n/10)*len;
    dfs(n/10-1,ans,len*10);
}
int main()
{
    int x,y;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&x,&y),x+y>0)
    {
        memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
        memset(b,0,sizeof(b));
        if(x>y)
            swap(x,y);
        x--;
        if(x<y)
        {
            dfs(y,b,1);
            dfs(x,a,1);
        }
        for(int i=0;i<=9;i++)
        {
            if(i==9)
                printf("%d\n",b[i]-a[i]);
            else
                printf("%d ",b[i]-a[i]);
        }
    }
}