Field II 超声相控阵成像系列2——聚焦成像

      Field II 超声相控阵成像系列1中使用Field II仿真了平面波成像,与平面波相比,聚焦成像像在焦点处分辨率、信噪比更强。平面波发射一次获取整个图像,而聚焦成像需要发射多条扫描线以成像整个区域,与平面波相比其成像帧率大大降低。理想上我们希望对每一个深度上的点进行发射聚焦,但由于声波传播需要时间,一副图像的形成包含N*M个点,需要上万次发射,无法实时成像。本文在这里只介绍单点聚焦成像。

      聚焦扫描成像的波束合成采用目前常用的延时叠加 (delay and sum, DAS ) 算法。通过计算每条聚焦扫描线上每个像素点的总延时,从接收阵元中取出对应时间的回波采样数据,然后把不同阵元上反映同一像素点的数据进行相加,最终得到一个增强的幅值信号。

图1

       图1为相控阵成像的成像空间坐标,X轴代表成像的Lateral方向,沿换能器阵列;Z轴代表Axial方向,与超声传播方向平行;Y轴代表Elevation方向。

图2

 

      图2示意图为相控阵在成像时第一条扫描区域的位置,因此在对不同扫描线产生的数据进行波束形成时,其扫描区域要与之对应,这样才能正确重建Bmode影像。

仿真程序:

注:相控阵在聚焦成像时,发射中心位置永远在阵元中心位置处,且所有阵元通道均开放

1.参数设置

trans.fc=6e6;
trans.numele = 64;
trans.width =136.9e-6; % width in mm
trans.pitch = 171.1e-6;   % Spacing between elements in mm.
trans.kerf=trans.pitch-trans.width;
trans.heigh=14e-3;
trans.elevationFocus =60e-3; % nominal elevation focus depth from lens on face of transducer (spec)
trans.focus=[0 0 100e6]/1000;
trans.ElementPos = trans.pitch*(-((trans.numele-1)/2):((trans.numele-1)/2));
trans.c=1540; % speed of sound
xT=trans.ElementPos;

2 定义成像参数,聚焦参数

%% some necessary parameters defined by yourself
userset.theta = -pi/4;
userset.fs=100e6; % sampling frequency
userset.dep1=0e-3; % image start depth
userset.dep2=80e-3; % image end depth
userset.lat1=trans.ElementPos(1); %image start lateral position
userset.lat2=trans.ElementPos(end); %imade end lateral position
userset.txfocus=30e-3;
userset.Raynum=128;
userset.rayDelta = 2*(-userset.theta)/(userset.Raynum-1);
userset.aperture = 64*trans.pitch;
trans.radius = -(userset.aperture/2)/tan(-userset.theta);

3 计算仿真数据

%% calc scat spot
Angles= userset.theta:userset.rayDelta:(userset.theta + (userset.Raynum-1)*userset.rayDelta);
txfocus=userset.txfocus;
for i=1:userset.Raynum
  
    txorigin=-(trans.radius*tan(Angles(i)));
    xorg(i)= txorigin;
    txsteer=Angles(i);
    [x_focus,z_focus]=calc_focal(txorigin,txsteer);
    %%
    tx_dd(i)=calc_delay(xT,x_focus,z_focus);
    
    xdc_apodization(emit,0,ones(1,trans.numele));
    xdc_apodization(rcv,0,ones(1,trans.numele));
    xdc_center_focus(emit,[0 0 0]);
    xdc_focus_times(emit,0,tx_dd);
    xdc_focus_times(rcv,0,zeros(1,trans.numele));
%% set point target

point_pos=[ 0 0 10;
            0 0 20;
            0 0 30;
            0 0 40;
            0 0 50;
            0 0 60;
            0 0 70

               ]/1000;
    point_amp=20*ones(1,max(size(point_pos)));
    [v_temp,tstart(i)]=calc_scat_multi(emit,rcv,point_pos,point_amp');
    rf_data(1:max(size(v_temp)),:,i)=v_temp;

end

 4 波束形成

[xx,zz]=ImageRegion(userset.lat1,userset.lat2,userset.dep1,userset.dep2);
x=xx(Region.idx);
z=zz(Region.idx);
rf=hilbert(rf_data);
dasdata = zeros(size(xx,1),size(xx,2));
tic
for ii=1:userset.angnum
   
    rf_an=rf(:,:,ii);
   
%% Do Imaging

        dTX =sqrt( (x(k)).^2+(z(k)-trans.radius).^2)+trans.radius; % TX distance
        dRX = sqrt((xT-x(k)).^2 + z(k).^2); % RX distance
        tau = (dTX + dRX) / trans.c+max(tx_dd(ii)); % TX+RX travel time
        
        dasdata(:,:)=das(rf_an,tau,trans)
       
    
end

FrameData = abs( dasdata);
DisplayData = FrameData;    
maxd = max(abs(DisplayData(:)));
f1 = figure;
imagesc(X*1000,Z*1000,20*log10(FrameData/maxd),[-60,0]);colorbar;

5 成像结果

 


     

matlab超声模拟系统 field II, JAJ 开发。 The Field program system uses the concept of spatial impulse responses as developed by Tupholme and Stepanishen in a series of papers [1, 2, 3]. The approach relies on linear systems theory to find the ultrasound field for both the pulsed and continuous wave case. This is done through the spatial impulse response. This response gives the emitted ultrasound field at a specific point in space as function of time, when the transducer is excitated by a Dirac delta function. The field for any kind of excitation can then be found by just convolving the spatial impulse response with the excitation function. The impulse response will vary as a function of position relative to the transducer, hence the name spatial impulse response. The received response from a small oscillating sphere can be found by acoustic reciprocity. The spatial impulse response equals the received response for a spherical wave emitted by a point. The total received response in pulse-echo can, thus, be found by convolving the transducer excitation function with the spatial impulse response of the emitting aperture, with the spatial impulse response of the receiving aperture, and then taking into account the electro-mechanical transfer function of the transducer to yield the received voltage trace. An explanation and rigorous proof of this can be found in [4] and [5]. Any excitation can be used, since linear systems theory is used. The result for the continuous wave case is found by Fourier transforming the spatial impulse response for the given frequency. The approach taken here can, thus, yield all the diffent commenly found ultrasound fields for linear propagation.
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