Field II 超声线阵成像系列2——合成孔径成像

合成孔径成像通过依次对单个阵元发射覆盖整个图像区域的球面波,并使用所有阵元进行接收,每次生成一幅低质量的图像。通过对每次接收生成的一系列图像进行相干叠加,最终得到一个高分辨率图像。

 图1:合成孔径成像基本原理

发射延时为:

dTx=sqrt((xp-xi)^{2}+(zp-zi)^{2})/c

其中xp为像素点坐标,xi、zi 分别为第i个发射阵元的横坐标与纵坐标;

接收延时为:

dRX=sqrt((x-xn)^{2}+(zp-zn)^{2})/c

其中 xn、zn 分别为接收阵元的横坐标与纵坐标。

仿真程序如下:

1:计算RF数据

for i=1:userset.tx_aperture
    x_tx=xT(cen(i)); % x position of tx focus in a tx event
    ce=cen(i); % No. of center array for every tx 
    %% set apodization--> all active aperture
    apo=zeros(1,trans.numele);
    apo(ce)=1.0;
    xdc_apodization(emit,0,apo);
    xdc_apodization(rcv,0,ones(1,trans.numele));
    xdc_center_focus(emit,[x_tx 0 0]);
    xdc_focus_times(rcv,0,zeros(1,trans.numele));
%% set point target

     point_pos=[ 0 0 10;
                0 0 15;
                0 0 20;
                0 0 25;
                0 0 30;
                0 0 35
                 ]/1000;
    point_amp=20*ones(1,max(size(point_pos)));
    [v_temp,tstart(i)]=calc_scat_multi(emit,rcv,point_pos,point_amp');
    rf_data(1:max(size(v_temp)),:,i)=v_temp;
end

2:波束合成

for ii=1:userset.tx_aperture
    % calc every Imageging Region of correspounding tx event
    rf_sa=rf(:,:,ii);
    dasdata = zeros(size(x0),userset.tx_aperture); % set das data buffer
     
%% Do Imaging
   
        dTX = sqrt((x0 - xT(cen(ii))).^2 + (z0(k)).^2);
        dRX = sqrt((xT-x0).^2 + z0.^2); % RX distance
        tau = (dTX + dRX) / trans.c; % TX+RX travel time
        dasdata(:,:,ii)=das(rf_sa,tau,trans)
        disp(['Aperture_Image ',num2str(ii),' has been done']);
end

M_sig0=sum(dasdata,3);

3:仿真结果

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matlab超声模拟系统 field II, JAJ 开发。 The Field program system uses the concept of spatial impulse responses as developed by Tupholme and Stepanishen in a series of papers [1, 2, 3]. The approach relies on linear systems theory to find the ultrasound field for both the pulsed and continuous wave case. This is done through the spatial impulse response. This response gives the emitted ultrasound field at a specific point in space as function of time, when the transducer is excitated by a Dirac delta function. The field for any kind of excitation can then be found by just convolving the spatial impulse response with the excitation function. The impulse response will vary as a function of position relative to the transducer, hence the name spatial impulse response. The received response from a small oscillating sphere can be found by acoustic reciprocity. The spatial impulse response equals the received response for a spherical wave emitted by a point. The total received response in pulse-echo can, thus, be found by convolving the transducer excitation function with the spatial impulse response of the emitting aperture, with the spatial impulse response of the receiving aperture, and then taking into account the electro-mechanical transfer function of the transducer to yield the received voltage trace. An explanation and rigorous proof of this can be found in [4] and [5]. Any excitation can be used, since linear systems theory is used. The result for the continuous wave case is found by Fourier transforming the spatial impulse response for the given frequency. The approach taken here can, thus, yield all the diffent commenly found ultrasound fields for linear propagation.
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