加密：RSA(C#)

RSA：非对称加密（公钥加密）

用途：

1. 数据加密：公钥加密，私钥解密。私钥不用来加密的原因在于，公钥是公开的，私钥加密公钥解密时没有必要的。加密的明文和密文长度有限制。
2. 数字签名：对数据摘要信息进行签名，以保证来源数据的正确性。实现上数据摘要一般是数据的hash值，MD5、SHA1等。

可见RSA一般很少用于较大数据的加密

密钥生成（公钥、私钥）

static void RSAGenKey(out string publicKey, out string privateKey)
{
    try
    {
        RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false);
        privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true);
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        throw e;
    }
}

数据加密

加密的明文和密文长度有限制，加密明文长度有限制，加密明文长度有限制！

​
/// <summary>
/// 公钥加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="publicKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static string RSAEncrypt(string str, string publicKey)
{
    try
    {
        RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.FromXmlString(publicKey);

        byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
        byte[] result = rsa.Encrypt(bytes, false);
        return Convert.ToBase64String(result);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {

        throw e;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// 私钥解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="privateKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static string RSADecrypt(string str, string privateKey)
{
    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    rsa.FromXmlString(privateKey);
    byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
    byte[] result = rsa.Decrypt(bytes, false);
    return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(result);
}

数据签名

/// <summary>
/// 密钥对数据进行签名并返回
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="privateKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static string RSASign(string str, string privateKey)
{
    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    rsa.FromXmlString(privateKey);
    HashAlgorithm algrithm = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
    var result = rsa.SignData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str), algrithm);
    return Convert.ToBase64String(result);
}

/// <summary>
/// 公钥对对数据及签名进行验证
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="publicKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static bool RSAVerify(string str, string publicKey, string key)
{
    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    rsa.FromXmlString(publicKey);
    HashAlgorithm algrithm = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
    return rsa.VerifyData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str), algrithm, Convert.FromBase64String(key));
}