CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction计算释疑

JVM CMS垃圾收集器相关一个重要参数CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction，默认值具体是多少，众说纷纭，这里分析和验证一下。

-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction: 当老年代使用达到该比例时会触发FullGC，百分比格式。

1. 计算CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction

具体还是要看openJDK的代码(基于JDK8)：

// hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/concurrentMarkSweepGeneration.cpp

// The field "_initiating_occupancy" represents the occupancy percentage
// at which we trigger a new collection cycle.  Unless explicitly specified
// via CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction (argument "io" below), it
// is calculated by:
//
//   Let "f" be MinHeapFreeRatio in
//
//    _intiating_occupancy = 100-f +
//                           f * (CMSTriggerRatio/100)
//   where CMSTriggerRatio is the argument "tr" below.
//
// That is, if we assume the heap is at its desired maximum occupancy at the
// end of a collection, we let CMSTriggerRatio of the (purported) free
// space be allocated before initiating a new collection cycle.
//
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::init_initiating_occupancy(intx io, uintx tr) {
  assert(io <= 100 && tr <= 100, "Check the arguments");
  if (io >= 0) {
    _initiating_occupancy = (double)io / 100.0;
  } else {
    _initiating_occupancy = ((100 - MinHeapFreeRatio) +
                             (double)(tr * MinHeapFreeRatio) / 100.0)
                            / 100.0;
  }
}

其中：
io参数是：输入的CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction值
tr参数是：CMSTriggerRatio的值，JDK8默认是80

代码逻辑比较简单：

• 若指定的CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction为正值，例如80，则老年代到达80%就会触发FullGC。
• CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction默认为-1，走下面的分支。
  基于JDK8，结合其余2个参数MinHeapFreeRatio默认值40、CMSTriggerRatio默认值80，计算出的默认百分比是92。
  若MinHeapFreeRatio默认值0、CMSTriggerRatio默认值80，则计算出的默认百分比是100。

2. MinHeapFreeRatio的默认值到底是多少？0还是40？

这里有个疑问点：MinHeapFreeRatio的默认值到底是多少？0还是40？

通过-XX:+PrintFlagsFinal参数打印出来的MinHeapFreeRatio默认值是0：

uintx MinHeapFreeRatio                          = 0                                   {manageable}

再借助jinfo -flag MinHeapFreeRatio PID打印出来的MinHeapFreeRatio默认值都是0。

C:\Users\root>jinfo -flag MinHeapFreeRatio 18896
-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=0

但是从源码上看MinHeapFreeRatio默认值从JDK6开始默认值就一直是40了。

// hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/globals.hpp
manageable(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, 40,                                   \
        "The minimum percentage of heap free after GC to avoid expansion."\
        " For most GCs this applies to the old generation. In G1 and"     \
        " ParallelGC it applies to the whole heap.")                      \
                                                                          \
manageable(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, 70,                                   \
        "The maximum percentage of heap free after GC to avoid shrinking."\
        " For most GCs this applies to the old generation. In G1 and"     \
        " ParallelGC it applies to the whole heap.")   

说明MinHeapFreeRatio在哪里进行修改了！

查了一下openJDK相关的代码，发现有这个UseAdaptiveSizePolicy配置，打开时，会默认将MinHeapFreeRatio设置为0，MaxHeapFreeRatio设置为100。
而UseAdaptiveSizePolicy默认就是开启的！这也就能解释为什么代码中默认值是40，而实际运行PrintFlagsFinal时则是0。

bool UseAdaptiveSizePolicy                     = true                                {product}

// hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/arguments.cpp
if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
  // We don't want to limit adaptive heap sizing's freedom to adjust the heap
  // unless the user actually sets these flags.
  if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio)) {
    FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio, 0);
    _min_heap_free_ratio = MinHeapFreeRatio;
  }
  if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio)) {
    FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio, 100);
    _max_heap_free_ratio = MaxHeapFreeRatio;
  }
}

关闭UseAdaptiveSizePolicy，然后再查看MinHeapFreeRatio：

java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:-UseAdaptiveSizePolicy -version | grep MinHeapFreeRatio

结果符合预期了：

uintx MinHeapFreeRatio                          = 40                                  {manageable}

3. UseAdaptiveSizePolicy和CMS

从网上查阅到的信息是，对于JDK8，当启用CMS时，无论UseAdaptiveSizePolicy设置成什么值，都会关闭UseAdaptiveSizePolicy，自然而然MinHeapFreeRatio就不会被调整为0了。

java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -version | grep -E "MinHeapFreeRatio | UseAdaptiveSizePolicy"
java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseAdaptiveSizePolicy -version | grep -E "MinHeapFreeRatio | UseAdaptiveSizePolicy"

结果符合预期：UseAdaptiveSizePolicy关闭，且MinHeapFreeRatio变为默认值40。

uintx MinHeapFreeRatio                          = 40                                  {manageable}
 bool UseAdaptiveSizePolicy                     = false                               {product}

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with UseConcMarkSweepGC.
uintx MinHeapFreeRatio                          = 40                                  {manageable}
 bool UseAdaptiveSizePolicy                    := false                               {product}

4. 结论

对于JDK6/JDK7/JDK8，CMS的参数：CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction，肯定需要启用CMS（-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC），此时UseAdaptiveSizePolicy会强制关闭，所以MinHeapFreeRatio的默认值就是40，CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction默认值就是92，百分比类型。不存在100%这样的情况。