Python学习笔记————函数（一）

1. 定义一个简单函数

def greet_user(username):
    print("hello!" + str(username))


username_1 = input("Please input your name!\n")
greet_user(username_1)# username_1为实参

这里username是函数的形参，用户可以把实参传入进函数，这个函数就是和你打个招呼。

# 这里第二个形参有默认值，如果不传入实参，默认为China
def describe_city(des_city,des_country = 'China'):
    print(des_city.title() + ' is in ' + des_country)

city = {
    'wuxi': 'China',
    'NewYork': 'USA',
    'London': 'UK'
}
for key, val in city.items():
    describe_city(key.title(), val)

2. 带有返回值的函数

"""返回简单值"""
def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=""):
    if middle_name:
        full_name = first_name + str(middle_name) + last_name
    else:
        full_name = first_name + last_name
    return full_name # 返回值


name = get_formatted_name('mahani', 'Li', 2)
print(name.title())

这是结合while语句和带返回字典的函数的一个例子

def city_country(city, country):
    message = {}# 创建一个字典
    message[city] = country #为字典添加键——值
    return message


while flag:
    input_city = input("Please input the city")
    if input_city == 'Q':
        break
    input_country = input("Where is the city locates?\n(Input Q to quit)")
    if input_country == 'Q':
        break
    message = city_country(input_city, input_country)
    print(message)

3.传递列表的函数

def greet_users(names):
    for name in names: #需要写循环遍历列表
        msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"
        print(msg)


names = ['ke', 'ling', 'king']
greet_users(names)

"""该实例可以修改列表中的元素"""
unprinted_designs = ['robot pendant', 'phone case']
finished_designs = []


def pop_designs(unprint_designs, completed_list):
    while unprinted_designs:
        completed_thing = unprint_designs.pop()
        completed_list.append(completed_thing)


def show_completed(finish_designs):
    for finish_design in finish_designs:
        print(finish_design)


pop_designs(unprinted_designs, finished_designs)
show_completed(finished_designs)  #原列表都进入该列表中
show_completed(unprinted_designs)  # 打印原列表，为空

4. 传递任意数量的实参
   形参加个*号创建一个空元组来存储传入不定数量的实参

 # 创建一个名为 toppings 的空元组
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
    """ 概述要制作的比萨 """
    print("\nMaking a pizza with the following toppings:")
    print(size)
    for topping in toppings:
        print("- " + topping)

形参加个**号创建一个空字典，来接受任意数量的键——值对

def complete_mes(first_name, last_name, **mes):
    profile = {}
    profile['first_name'] = first_name
    profile['last_name'] = last_name
    for key, value in mes.items():
        profile[key] = value
    return profile

# example
user_profile = complete_mes('albert', 'einstein', location='princeton', field='physics')
print(user_profile)

5. 将函数存储在模块中
   用法可以看批注。

"""将func_learning中的函数导入到该文件"""
import func_learning as func
"""你还可以导入模块中的特定函数,还可以通过用逗号分隔函数名，可根据需要从模块中导入任意数量的函数"""
from func_learn import make_pizza
"""调用库中所用函数"""
from send_list_func import *
func.greet_user('model')
make_pizza(10, 'extra cheese', 'pienapple', 'mushroom')
"""这样调用不太容易理解（如果不熟悉库的话）"""
pop_designs(unprinted_designs, finished_designs)
show_completed(finished_designs)