一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<
servlet
>
<
servlet-name
>springmvc</
servlet-name
>
<
servlet-class
>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</
servlet-class
>
<
init-param
>
<
param-name
>contextConfigLocation</
param-name
>
<
param-value
>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</
param-value
>
</
init-param
>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</
servlet
>
<
servlet-mapping
>
<
servlet-name
>springmvc</
servlet-name
>
<
url-pattern
>/</
url-pattern
>
</
servlet-mapping
>
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3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<
context:component-scan
base-package
=
"test.SpringMVC"
/>
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<
mvc:default-servlet-handler
/>
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<
mvc:annotation-driven
/>
<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id
=
"internalResourceViewResolver"
>
<!-- 前缀 -->
<
property
name
=
"prefix"
value
=
"/WEB-INF/jsp/"
/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<
property
name
=
"suffix"
value
=
".jsp"
/>
</
bean
>
</
beans
>
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4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/mvc"
)
public
class
mvcController {
@RequestMapping
(
"/hello"
)
public
String hello(){
return
"hello"
;
}
}
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7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match automatically
@RequestMapping
(
"/person"
)
public
String toPerson(String name,
double
age){
System.out.println(name+
" "
+age);
return
"hello"
;
}
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五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package
test.SpringMVC.model;
public
class
Person {
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void
setName(String name) {
this
.name = name;
}
public
int
getAge() {
return
age;
}
public
void
setAge(
int
age) {
this
.age = age;
}
private
String name;
private
int
age;
}
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2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping
(
"/person1"
)
public
String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+
" "
+p.getAge());
return
"hello"
;
}
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六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping
(
"/date"
)
public
String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return
"hello"
;
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public
void
initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.
class
,
new
CustomDateEditor(
new
SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd"
),
true
));
}
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七、向前台传递参数
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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping
(
"/show"
)
public
String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p =
new
Person();
map.put(
"p"
, p);
p.setAge(
20
);
p.setName(
"jayjay"
);
return
"show"
;
}
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前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping
(
"/getPerson"
)
public
void
getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write(
"hello,"
+name);
}
@RequestMapping
(
"/name"
)
public
String sayHello(){
return
"name"
;
}
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前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$(
function
(){
$(
"#btn"
).click(
function
(){
$.post(
"mvc/getPerson"
,{name:$(
"#name"
).val()},
function
(data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
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九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping
(
"/redirect"
)
public
String redirect(){
return
"redirect:hello"
;
}
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十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings -->
<
bean
id
=
"multipartResolver"
class
=
"org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
>
<
property
name
=
"maxUploadSize"
value
=
"102400000"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
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3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping
(value=
"/upload"
,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String upload(HttpServletRequest req)
throws
Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile(
"file"
);
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf =
new
SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyyMMddHHmmss"
);
FileOutputStream fos =
new
FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(
"/"
)+
"upload/"
+sdf.format(
new
Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(
'.'
)));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return
"hello"
;
}
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4.前台form表单
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<
form
action
=
"mvc/upload"
method
=
"post"
enctype
=
"multipart/form-data"
>
<
input
type
=
"file"
name
=
"file"
><
br
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"submit"
>
</
form
>
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十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/test"
)
public
class
mvcController1 {
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/param"
)
public
String testRequestParam(
@RequestParam
(value=
"id"
) Integer id,
@RequestParam
(value=
"name"
)String name){
System.out.println(id+
" "
+name);
return
"/hello"
;
}
}
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十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/rest"
)
public
class
RestController {
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/user/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
String get(
@PathVariable
(
"id"
) Integer id){
System.out.println(
"get"
+id);
return
"/hello"
;
}
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/user/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String post(
@PathVariable
(
"id"
) Integer id){
System.out.println(
"post"
+id);
return
"/hello"
;
}
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/user/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public
String put(
@PathVariable
(
"id"
) Integer id){
System.out.println(
"put"
+id);
return
"/hello"
;
}
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/user/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
String delete(
@PathVariable
(
"id"
) Integer id){
System.out.println(
"delete"
+id);
return
"/hello"
;
}
}
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2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<
filter
>
<
filter-name
>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</
filter-name
>
<
filter-class
>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</
filter-class
>
</
filter
>
<
filter-mapping
>
<
filter-name
>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</
filter-name
>
<
url-pattern
>/*</
url-pattern
>
</
filter-mapping
>
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在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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<
form
action
=
"rest/user/1"
method
=
"post"
>
<
input
type
=
"hidden"
name
=
"_method"
value
=
"PUT"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"put"
>
</
form
>
<
form
action
=
"rest/user/1"
method
=
"post"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"post"
>
</
form
>
<
form
action
=
"rest/user/1"
method
=
"get"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"get"
>
</
form
>
<
form
action
=
"rest/user/1"
method
=
"post"
>
<
input
type
=
"hidden"
name
=
"_method"
value
=
"DELETE"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"delete"
>
</
form
>
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十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/json"
)
public
class
jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping
(
"/user"
)
public
User get(){
User u =
new
User();
u.setId(
1
);
u.setName(
"jayjay"
);
u.setBirth(
new
Date());
return
u;
}
}
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十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
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@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =
new
ModelAndView(
"error"
);
mv.addObject(
"exception"
, ex);
System.out.println(
"in testExceptionHandler"
);
return
mv;
}
@RequestMapping
(
"/error"
)
public
String error(){
int
i =
5
/
0
;
return
"hello"
;
}
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2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
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@ControllerAdvice
public
class
testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =
new
ModelAndView(
"error"
);
mv.addObject(
"exception"
, ex);
System.out.println(
"in testControllerAdvice"
);
return
mv;
}
}
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3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"
>
<
property
name
=
"exceptionMappings"
>
<
props
>
<
prop
key
=
"java.lang.ArithmeticException"
>error</
prop
>
</
props
>
</
property
>
</
bean
>
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error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public
class
MyInterceptor
implements
HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public
void
afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println(
"afterCompletion"
);
}
@Override
public
void
postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println(
"postHandle"
);
}
@Override
public
boolean
preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println(
"preHandle"
);
return
true
;
}
}
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2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<
mvc:interceptors
>
<
mvc:interceptor
>
<
mvc:mapping
path
=
"/mvc/**"
/>
<
bean
class
=
"test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"
></
bean
>
</
mvc:interceptor
>
</
mvc:interceptors
>
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3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public
class
User {
public
int
getId() {
return
id;
}
public
void
setId(
int
id) {
this
.id = id;
}
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void
setName(String name) {
this
.name = name;
}
public
Date getBirth() {
return
birth;
}
public
void
setBirth(Date birth) {
this
.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public
String toString() {
return
"User [id="
+ id +
", name="
+ name +
", birth="
+ birth +
"]"
;
}
private
int
id;
@NotEmpty
private
String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat
(pattern=
"yyyy-MM-dd"
)
private
Date birth;
}
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ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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<
form:form
action
=
"form/add"
method
=
"post"
modelAttribute
=
"user"
>
id:<
form:input
path
=
"id"
/><
form:errors
path
=
"id"
/><
br
>
name:<
form:input
path
=
"name"
/><
form:errors
path
=
"name"
/><
br
>
birth:<
form:input
path
=
"birth"
/><
form:errors
path
=
"birth"
/>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"submit"
>
</
form:form
>
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ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/form"
)
public
class
formController {
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/add"
,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String add(
@Valid
User u,BindingResult br){
if
(br.getErrorCount()>
0
){
return
"addUser"
;
}
return
"showUser"
;
}
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/add"
,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
String add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put(
"user"
,
new
User());
return
"addUser"
;
}
}
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ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<
bean
id
=
"messageSource"
class
=
"org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
>
<
property
name
=
"basename"
value
=
"locale"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
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6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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<
body
>
<
fmt:message
key
=
"username"
></
fmt:message
>
<
fmt:message
key
=
"password"
></
fmt:message
>
</
body
>
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在SpringMVC中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<
mvc:view-controller
path
=
"/locale"
view-name
=
"locale"
/>
|
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public
class
User {
public
int
getId() {
return
id;
}
public
void
setId(
int
id) {
this
.id = id;
}
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void
setName(String name) {
this
.name = name;
}
public
Date getBirth() {
return
birth;
}
public
void
setBirth(Date birth) {
this
.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public
String toString() {
return
"User [id="
+ id +
", name="
+ name +
", birth="
+ birth +
"]"
;
}
private
int
id;
@NotEmpty
private
String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat
(pattern=
"yyyy-MM-dd"
)
private
Date birth;
}
|
3.UserService类
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@Component
public
class
UserService {
public
UserService(){
System.out.println(
"UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"
);
}
public
void
save(){
System.out.println(
"save"
);
}
}
|
4.UserController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/integrate"
)
public
class
UserController {
@Autowired
private
UserService userService;
@RequestMapping
(
"/user"
)
public
String saveUser(
@RequestBody
@ModelAttribute
User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return
"hello"
;
}
}
|
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
"
>
<
context:component-scan
base-package
=
"test.SpringMVC.integrate"
>
<
context:exclude-filter
type
=
"annotation"
expression
=
"org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"
/>
<
context:exclude-filter
type
=
"annotation"
expression
=
"org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"
/>
</
context:component-scan
>
</
beans
>
|
在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
<
listener
>
<
listener-class
>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</
listener-class
>
</
listener
>
<
context-param
>
<
param-name
>contextConfigLocation</
param-name
>
<
param-value
>classpath:applicationContext.xml</
param-value
>
</
context-param
>
|
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<
context:component-scan
base-package
=
"test.SpringMVC.integrate"
>
<
context:include-filter
type
=
"annotation"
expression
=
"org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"
/>
<
context:include-filter
type
=
"annotation"
expression
=
"org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"
/>
</
context:component-scan
>
|
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
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