ZOJ Problem Set - 1094 Matrix Chain Multiplication

Matrix Chain Multiplication

---

Time Limit: 2 Seconds       Memory Limit: 65536 KB

---

Matrix multiplication problem is a typical example of dynamical programming.

Suppose you have to evaluate an expression like A*B*C*D*E where A,B,C,D and E are matrices. Since matrix multiplication is associative, the order in which multiplications are performed is arbitrary. However, the number of elementary multiplications needed strongly depends on the evaluation order you choose.
For example, let A be a 50*10 matrix, B a 10*20 matrix and C a 20*5 matrix.
There are two different strategies to compute A*B*C, namely (A*B)*C and A*(B*C).
The first one takes 15000 elementary multiplications, but the second one only 3500.

Your job is to write a program that determines the number of elementary multiplications needed for a given evaluation strategy.

Input Specification

Input consists of two parts: a list of matrices and a list of expressions.
The first line of the input file contains one integer  n  (1 <=  n  <= 26), representing the number of matrices in the first part. The next  n  lines each contain one capital letter, specifying the name of the matrix, and two integers, specifying the number of rows and columns of the matrix. 
The second part of the input file strictly adheres to the following syntax (given in EBNF):

SecondPart = Line { Line } <EOF>
Line       = Expression <CR>
Expression = Matrix | "(" Expression Expression ")"
Matrix     = "A" | "B" | "C" | ... | "X" | "Y" | "Z"

Output Specification

For each expression found in the second part of the input file, print one line containing the word "error" if evaluation of the expression leads to an error due to non-matching matrices. Otherwise print one line containing the number of elementary multiplications needed to evaluate the expression in the way specified by the parentheses.

Sample Input

9
A 50 10
B 10 20
C 20 5
D 30 35
E 35 15
F 15 5
G 5 10
H 10 20
I 20 25
A
B
C
(AA)
(AB)
(AC)
(A(BC))
((AB)C)
(((((DE)F)G)H)I)
(D(E(F(G(HI)))))
((D(EF))((GH)I))

Sample Output

0
0
0
error
10000
error
3500
15000
40500
47500
15125

---

Source:  University of Ulm Local Contest 1996

题目大意：

给定矩阵数，具体每个矩阵的参数，判断每一种连乘方式需要连乘的次数

解题思路：

用stack栈来模拟矩阵连乘

AC：

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
using namespace std;


struct Node//创建结构体，保存矩阵信息
{
	int row, col;
};

int main()
{
	int n;//矩阵数量
	char name;//矩阵名称
	map<char, Node> matrix;//矩阵参数
	cin >> n;
	for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
	{
		cin>>name;
		cin>>matrix[name].row >> matrix[name].col;
	}
	string exp;
	while(cin >> exp)
	{
		int i;
		int count = 0;		//矩阵做乘法的次数
		stack<Node> array;	//模拟矩阵的乘法
		for(i=0; i<exp.size(); i++)
		{
			if(exp[i] == '(') continue;
			if(exp[i] == ')')	//遇到右括号则把，栈顶的两个矩阵相乘，再压入堆栈
			{
				Node b = array.top();
				array.pop();
				Node a = array.top();
				array.pop();
				if(a.col != b.row)
				{
					cout<<"error"<<endl;
					break;
				}
				count += a.row*b.row*b.col;
				Node tmp = {a.row, b.col};
				array.push(tmp);
			}
			else
				array.push(matrix[exp[i]]);
		}
		if(i == exp.size())
			cout<<count<<endl;
	}
}