参考这里。
一些关键概念，如back stack和action bar，还不太明白。
正如 a portion of user interface in an Activity。
- A fragment must always be embedded in an activity and the fragment's lifecycle is directly affected by the host activity's lifecycle.
- When you add a fragment as a part of your activity layout, it lives in a ViewGroup inside the activity's view hierarchy and the fragment defines its own view layout.
- <fragment> element
- However, a fragment is not required to be a part of the activity layout; you may also use a fragment without its own UI as an invisible worker for the activity.
创建Fragment
从Fragment类派生。有一套和Activity非常接近的callback functions。
需要实现onCreate(), onCreateView(), onPause()等函数。
提供DialogFragmet, ListFragment, 和PreferenceFragmentCompat等常用的Fragment。
用户界面
onCreateView()函数用于绘制Fragmet的图形界面。该函数必须返回一个View对象。该View对象可以利用一个xml文件生成（inflate）。
将Fragment添加到Activity中
可以通过Activity的layout文件。注意<fragment> element的android:name属性为这个Fragment的JAVA类。
可以动态向Activity添加和删除Fragment，需要使用Android提供的FragmentTransaction。
也可以添加无UI的Fragment，此时不需要实现onCreateView()函数。但是需要指定一个Tag作为标志。
管理Fragment
需要使用FragmentManager。需要了解back stack。
通讯
Fragment可以和Activity中的其他View对象进行通讯，利用FragmentActivity获取这些View对象。
Activity可以访问Fragment的函数，通过FragmentManager。
Event
Fragment可以指定Activity实现某些函数，已实现Event的传递。
App Bar
Your fragments can contribute menu items to the activity's Options Menu (and, consequently, the app bar) by implementing onCreateOptionsMenu().
实例
该实例大部分是从这里复制而来，但是原文中TitlesFragment类的showDetails()函数存在错误，在google上找了一阵子，最终在stackoverflow的一个问题中找到了答案，是一个bug。下面给出的源代码已经修正了该问题。
该实例已经在API22中得到测试，并在ADV中调试成功。所使用的package前缀为com.huyaoyu，project名为TestFragment。
首先是res/layout/fragment_layout.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<fragment
class="com.huyaoyu.testfragment.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
android:id="@+id/titles"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>接下来是res/layout-land/fragmet_layout.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.huyaoyu.testfragment.FragmentLayout"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<fragment
class="com.huyaoyu.testfragment.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
android:id="@+id/titles"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0px"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/details"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0px"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>以下是AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.huyaoyu.testfragment">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".FragmentLayout">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".FragmentLayout$DetailsActivity" />
</application>
</manifest>然后是FragmentLayout.java
package com.huyaoyu.testfragment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.app.ListFragment;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class FragmentLayout extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);
}
public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {
boolean mDualPane;
int mCurCheckPosition = 0;
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Populate list with our static array of titles.
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));
// Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details
// fragment directly in the containing UI.
View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);
mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
if (savedInstanceState != null) {
// Restore last state for checked position.
mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);
}
if (mDualPane) {
// In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.
getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
// Make sure our UI is in the correct state.
showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);
}
}
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);
}
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
showDetails(position);
}
/**
* Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by
* displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a
* whole new activity in which it is displayed.
*/
void showDetails(int index) {
mCurCheckPosition = index;
if (mDualPane) {
// We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update
// the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.
getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);
// Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.
DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)
getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);
if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {
// Make new fragment to show this selection.
details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);
// Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment
// with this one inside the frame.
FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
/*
The following line is the modified version of the original ApiDemo. The modification
is found at the following websites. Thanks to stackoverflow!
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22075775/android-fragment-query-regarding-resource-r-id-a-item-definition
https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/36970064
*/
ft.replace(R.id.details, details);
ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
ft.commit();
}
} else {
// Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display
// the dialog fragment with selected text.
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("index", index);
startActivity(intent);
}
}
}
public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {
/**
* Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to
* show the text at 'index'.
*/
public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {
DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();
// Supply index input as an argument.
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt("index", index);
f.setArguments(args);
return f;
}
public int getShownIndex() {
return getArguments().getInt("index", 0);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (container == null) {
// We have different layouts, and in one of them this
// fragment's containing frame doesn't exist. The fragment
// may still be created from its saved state, but there is
// no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it
// won't be displayed. Note this is not needed -- we could
// just run the code below, where we would create and return
// the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.
return null;
}
ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());
TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());
int padding = (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,
4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
scroller.addView(text);
text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);
return scroller;
}
}
public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation
== Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
// If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the
// dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.
finish();
return;
}
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
// During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.
DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();
details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();
}
}
}
}最后是Shakespeare.java
package com.huyaoyu.testfragment;
/**
* Created by yaoyu on 2/25/18.
*
* The content is copied directly from
* https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_development/blob/ef7ff204e2ad4ba1094db8e9dc891a13c1f7ba31/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/Shakespeare.java
*
*/
public final class Shakespeare {
/**
* Our data, part 1.
*/
public static final String[] TITLES =
{
"Henry IV (1)",
"Henry V",
"Henry VIII",
"Richard II",
"Richard III",
"Merchant of Venice",
"Othello",
"King Lear"
};
/**
* Our data, part 2.
*/
public static final String[] DIALOGUE =
{
"So shaken as we are, so wan with care," +
"Find we a time for frighted peace to pant," +
"And breathe short-winded accents of new broils" +
"To be commenced in strands afar remote." +
"No more the thirsty entrance of this soil" +
"Shall daub her lips with her own children's blood;" +
"Nor more shall trenching war channel her fields," +
"Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs" +
"Of hostile paces: those opposed eyes," +
"Which, like the meteors of a troubled heaven," +
"All of one nature, of one substance bred," +
"Did lately meet in the intestine shock" +
"And furious close of civil butchery" +
"Shall now, in mutual well-beseeming ranks," +
"March all one way and be no more opposed" +
"Against acquaintance, kindred and allies:" +
"The edge of war, like an ill-sheathed knife," +
"No more shall cut his master. Therefore, friends," +
"As far as to the sepulchre of Christ," +
"Whose soldier now, under whose blessed cross" +
"We are impressed and engaged to fight," +
"Forthwith a power of English shall we levy;" +
"Whose arms were moulded in their mothers' womb" +
"To chase these pagans in those holy fields" +
"Over whose acres walk'd those blessed feet" +
"Which fourteen hundred years ago were nail'd" +
"For our advantage on the bitter cross." +
"But this our purpose now is twelve month old," +
"And bootless 'tis to tell you we will go:" +
"Therefore we meet not now. Then let me hear" +
"Of you, my gentle cousin Westmoreland," +
"What yesternight our council did decree" +
"In forwarding this dear expedience.",
"Hear him but reason in divinity," +
"And all-admiring with an inward wish" +
"You would desire the king were made a prelate:" +
"Hear him debate of commonwealth affairs," +
"You would say it hath been all in all his study:" +
"List his discourse of war, and you shall hear" +
"A fearful battle render'd you in music:" +
"Turn him to any cause of policy," +
"The Gordian knot of it he will unloose," +
"Familiar as his garter: that, when he speaks," +
"The air, a charter'd libertine, is still," +
"And the mute wonder lurketh in men's ears," +
"To steal his sweet and honey'd sentences;" +
"So that the art and practic part of life" +
"Must be the mistress to this theoric:" +
"Which is a wonder how his grace should glean it," +
"Since his addiction was to courses vain," +
"His companies unletter'd, rude and shallow," +
"His hours fill'd up with riots, banquets, sports," +
"And never noted in him any study," +
"Any retirement, any sequestration" +
"From open haunts and popularity.",
"I come no more to make you laugh: things now," +
"That bear a weighty and a serious brow," +
"Sad, high, and working, full of state and woe," +
"Such noble scenes as draw the eye to flow," +
"We now present. Those that can pity, here" +
"May, if they think it well, let fall a tear;" +
"The subject will deserve it. Such as give" +
"Their money out of hope they may believe," +
"May here find truth too. Those that come to see" +
"Only a show or two, and so agree" +
"The play may pass, if they be still and willing," +
"I'll undertake may see away their shilling" +
"Richly in two short hours. Only they" +
"That come to hear a merry bawdy play," +
"A noise of targets, or to see a fellow" +
"In a long motley coat guarded with yellow," +
"Will be deceived; for, gentle hearers, know," +
"To rank our chosen truth with such a show" +
"As fool and fight is, beside forfeiting" +
"Our own brains, and the opinion that we bring," +
"To make that only true we now intend," +
"Will leave us never an understanding friend." +
"Therefore, for goodness' sake, and as you are known" +
"The first and happiest hearers of the town," +
"Be sad, as we would make ye: think ye see" +
"The very persons of our noble story" +
"As they were living; think you see them great," +
"And follow'd with the general throng and sweat" +
"Of thousand friends; then in a moment, see" +
"How soon this mightiness meets misery:" +
"And, if you can be merry then, I'll say" +
"A man may weep upon his wedding-day.",
"First, heaven be the record to my speech!" +
"In the devotion of a subject's love," +
"Tendering the precious safety of my prince," +
"And free from other misbegotten hate," +
"Come I appellant to this princely presence." +
"Now, Thomas Mowbray, do I turn to thee," +
"And mark my greeting well; for what I speak" +
"My body shall make good upon this earth," +
"Or my divine soul answer it in heaven." +
"Thou art a traitor and a miscreant," +
"Too good to be so and too bad to live," +
"Since the more fair and crystal is the sky," +
"The uglier seem the clouds that in it fly." +
"Once more, the more to aggravate the note," +
"With a foul traitor's name stuff I thy throat;" +
"And wish, so please my sovereign, ere I move," +
"What my tongue speaks my right drawn sword may prove.",
"Now is the winter of our discontent" +
"Made glorious summer by this sun of York;" +
"And all the clouds that lour'd upon our house" +
"In the deep bosom of the ocean buried." +
"Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths;" +
"Our bruised arms hung up for monuments;" +
"Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings," +
"Our dreadful marches to delightful measures." +
"Grim-visaged war hath smooth'd his wrinkled front;" +
"And now, instead of mounting barded steeds" +
"To fright the souls of fearful adversaries," +
"He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber" +
"To the lascivious pleasing of a lute." +
"But I, that am not shaped for sportive tricks," +
"Nor made to court an amorous looking-glass;" +
"I, that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty" +
"To strut before a wanton ambling nymph;" +
"I, that am curtail'd of this fair proportion," +
"Cheated of feature by dissembling nature," +
"Deformed, unfinish'd, sent before my time" +
"Into this breathing world, scarce half made up," +
"And that so lamely and unfashionable" +
"That dogs bark at me as I halt by them;" +
"Why, I, in this weak piping time of peace," +
"Have no delight to pass away the time," +
"Unless to spy my shadow in the sun" +
"And descant on mine own deformity:" +
"And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover," +
"To entertain these fair well-spoken days," +
"I am determined to prove a villain" +
"And hate the idle pleasures of these days." +
"Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous," +
"By drunken prophecies, libels and dreams," +
"To set my brother Clarence and the king" +
"In deadly hate the one against the other:" +
"And if King Edward be as true and just" +
"As I am subtle, false and treacherous," +
"This day should Clarence closely be mew'd up," +
"About a prophecy, which says that 'G'" +
"Of Edward's heirs the murderer shall be." +
"Dive, thoughts, down to my soul: here" +
"Clarence comes.",
"To bait fish withal: if it will feed nothing else," +
"it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me, and" +
"hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses," +
"mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my" +
"bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine" +
"enemies; and what's his reason? I am a Jew. Hath" +
"not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs," +
"dimensions, senses, affections, passions? fed with" +
"the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject" +
"to the same diseases, healed by the same means," +
"warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as" +
"a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed?" +
"if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison" +
"us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not" +
"revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will" +
"resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian," +
"what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian" +
"wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by" +
"Christian example? Why, revenge. The villany you" +
"teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I" +
"will better the instruction.",
"Virtue! a fig! 'tis in ourselves that we are thus" +
"or thus. Our bodies are our gardens, to the which" +
"our wills are gardeners: so that if we will plant" +
"nettles, or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weed up" +
"thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs, or" +
"distract it with many, either to have it sterile" +
"with idleness, or manured with industry, why, the" +
"power and corrigible authority of this lies in our" +
"wills. If the balance of our lives had not one" +
"scale of reason to poise another of sensuality, the" +
"blood and baseness of our natures would conduct us" +
"to most preposterous conclusions: but we have" +
"reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal" +
"stings, our unbitted lusts, whereof I take this that" +
"you call love to be a sect or scion.",
"Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow!" +
"You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout" +
"Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown'd the cocks!" +
"You sulphurous and thought-executing fires," +
"Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts," +
"Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder," +
"Smite flat the thick rotundity o' the world!" +
"Crack nature's moulds, an germens spill at once," +
"That make ingrateful man!"
};
}
目前使用的是Android Studio 3.0.1。ADV调试结果如下
777
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
