一、Accessingpixel values访问像素值。(用类自带的方法:方便,但效率不高)
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cv::Mat has the a template methodat(int y, int x)
用法image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[channel]= value;
注意事项:the programmer needs to specify the return type that is expected(需认为指定返回值类型),一般使用typecv::Vec3b. It is a vector of 3 unsigned chars.
2. 使用cv::Mat_类,它是cv::Mat的一个模板子类,有相同的数据结构,但是增加了一些新的方法。所以这两个类的指针或引用可以直接相互转换。
用法:使用cv::Mat_ 类中新增加的方法()操作符,可以直接访问图像像素。
cv::Mat_<uchar>im2= image; // im2 refers to image
im2(50,100)= 0; // access to row 50 and column 100
注意事项:要将image的引用或者指针赋值给cv::Mat_类变量才可以使用()操作符。
二、Scanning animage with pointers(使用指针扫描图像:效率高)
彩色图像三个通道,opencv中默认顺序是BGR, blue总是第一个通道。(有些处理器对于长宽是4 or 8的倍数的图像更加高效,所以有些图像会有 额外的padded填补的像素,为了提高效率Obviously,these extra pixels are not displayed or saved, their exact values are ignored)
ptr 方法
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基本信息:
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cols : gives you the image width (thatis the number of columns)
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rows: gives you the image height
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step data: gives you the effective widthin number of bytes
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method elemSize: returns the size of apixel element (for example, for a 3-channel short integer matrix (CV_16SC3),elemSize will return 6)
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method nchannels: returns the number ofchannels in the image
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method total: returns the total numberof pixels (that is matrix entries) in the matrix
2. 使用方法:
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The number of pixel values per rows is then given by:
intnc= image.cols * image.channels();
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ptr method. It is a template method thatreturns the address of row number j :
uchar*data= image.ptr<uchar>(j);
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用指针操作的一个例子(color reduce)
*data++=*data/div*div + div2;
或者
data[i]=data[i]/div*div + div/2;
或者
data[i]=data[i] – data[i]%div + div/2;(有点慢,要访问每个像素两次)
或者
按位操作:if we restrict the reductionfactor to a power of 2, that is, div=pow(2,n) , then masking the fist n bits ofthe pixel value would give us the nearest lower multiple of div. This maskwould be computed by a simple bit shift:
// mask used to round the pixel value
uchar mask=0xFF<<n; // e.g. for div=16, mask= 0xF0
The color reduction would be given by:
data[i]= (data[i]&mask) +div/2; 3注意事项:
3. 注意事项:
- ptr 方法只返回每一行的起始地址,通过两层循环,按行访问图像。
- 每一行的像素值个数 不仅仅是列数,还要乘上channels通道个数。
三、给出高效扫描处理(连续)图像的标准例子
void colorReduce(cv::Mat &image, intdiv=64)
{
int nl= image.rows; // number of lines
int nc= image.cols * image.channels();
if (image.isContinuous())
{
// then no padded pixels
nc= nc*nl;
nl= 1; // it is now a 1Darray
}
// this loop isexecuted only once
// in case ofcontinuous images
for (int j=0;j<nl; j++)
{
uchar*data= image.ptr<uchar>(j);
for(int i=0; i<nc; i++)
{
//process each pixel ---------------------
data[i]=data[i]/div*div + div/2;
//end of pixel processing ----------------
} //end of line
}
}