一 读写文件
实例:
use warnings;
sub open_display_file
{
# the filename should be passed in as a parameter
my $filename = shift ;
# open file to the handle <FILE>
open (FILE , $filename ) || die " Could not read from $filename, program halting. " ;
# read the first line, and chomp off the newline
chomp ( my $firstline = < FILE > );
print $firstline ;
# read other into array
my @other = < FILE > ;
print @other ;
close FILE;
}
# a test to show how to call my function
& open_display_file( ' test.txt ' );
注释:
1)handle句柄,概念类似C++中的资源句柄,常用的打开文件时返回句柄。句柄使用类似<handle>,系统默认的输入输出句柄为<STDIN>,<STDOUT>和<STDERR>。
2)open(FILE, $filename)打开文件到句柄<FILE>中;
3)chomp去除string中的newline(\n)标志;
4)my $firstline = <FILE> 读取一行到变量;
5)my @other = <FILE> 读取所有的到数组;
6)close FILE 关闭句柄;
7)在if中可以使用一下option来判断文件:
8)打开文件时控制为读写属性,如下:
二 命令行解析
1)调用perl的时候使用-s选项,例如perl -s commandline.pl -a -b=12 -c=foo -d=bar,然后在文件中使用$a,$b,$c,$d选项,实例如下:
use strict;
use warnings;
my $usage = << EOU;
usage : [ - a] [ - b=num] [ - c=str1] [ - d=str2]
- a == a option
- b == b option
- c == c option
- d == d option
EOU
print $usage ;
if ( our $a ) { print " a option is used!\n " ;}
if ( our $b ) { print " b option is used! and the value is $b\n " ;}
if ( our $c ) { print " c option is used! and the value is $c\n " ;}
if ( our $d ) { print " d option is used! and the value is $d\n " ;}
# calling
#perl -s commandline.pl -a -b=12 -c=foo -d=bar
#output
#usage : [-a] [-b=num] [-c=str1] [-d=str2]
# -a == a option
# -b == b option
# -c == c option
# -d == d option
#a option is used!
#b option is used! and the value is 12
#c option is used! and the value is foo
#d option is used! and the value is bar
2)使用Getopt::Long或Getopt::Std, 在perl文件开始使用use Getopt::Long;GetOptions("a!", "b=i", "c=s", "d:s");,然后在文件中使用选项$opt_a,$opt_b,$opt_c,$opt_d, 调用为perl commandline2.pl -a -b=12 -c=foo -d=bar,实例如下:
use strict;
use warnings;
my $usage = << EOU;
usage : [ - a] [ - b=num] [ - c=str1] [ - d=str2]
- a == a option
- b == b option
- c == c option
- d == d option
EOU
print $usage ;
use Getopt :: Long;
# use Getopt::Std;
GetOptions( " a! " , " b=i " , " c=s " , " d:s " );
if ( our $opt_a ) { print " a option is used!\n " ;}
if ( our $opt_b ) { print " b option is used! and the value is $opt_b\n " ;}
if ( our $opt_c ) { print " c option is used! and the value is $opt_c\n " ;}
if ( our $opt_d ) { print " d option is used! and the value is $opt_d\n " ;}
# calling
#perl commandline2.pl -a -b=12 -c=foo -d=bar
#output
#usage : [-a] [-b=num] [-c=str1] [-d=str2]
# -a == a option
# -b == b option
# -c == c option
# -d == d option
#a option is used!
#b option is used! and the value is 12
#c option is used! and the value is foo
#d option is used! and the value is bar
3) 自己解析,调用为perl commandline3.pl -a -b12 -cfoo -dbar,如下:
use warnings;
my $usage = << EOU;
usage : [ - a] [ - bnum] [ - cstr1] [ - dstr2]
- a == a option
- b == b option
- c == c option
- d == d option
EOU
print $usage ;
my $a = 0 ;
my $b = 0 ;
my $c = 0 ;
my $d = 0 ;
foreach my $arg ( @ARGV )
{
if ( $arg =~/^- a$ / i){ $a = 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- b( .* )$ / i) { $b = $ 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- c( .* )$ / i) { $c = $ 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- d( .* )$ / i) { $d = $ 1 ;}
}
if ( $a ) { print " a option is used!\n " ;}
if ( $b ) { print " b option is used! and the value is $b\n " ;}
if ( $c ) { print " c option is used! and the value is $c\n " ;}
if ( $d ) { print " d option is used! and the value is $d\n " ;}
# calling
#perl commandline3.pl -a -b12 -cfoo -dbar
#output
#usage : [-a] [-bnum] [-cstr1] [-dstr2]
# -a == a option
# -b == b option
# -c == c option
# -d == d option
#a option is used!
#b option is used! and the value is 12
#c option is used! and the value is foo
#d option is used! and the value is bar
4) 在windows还可以封装为cmd文件,调用为commandline3.cmd -a -b12 -cfoo -dbar,如下:
@echo off
perl -S commandline3.cmd %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
goto endofperl
@rem ' ;
# The above is pretty ugly, but required for DOS/NT use.
#
#!/bin/perl
#
# commandline3.cmd
use strict;
use warnings;
my $usage = << EOU;
usage : [ - a] [ - bnum] [ - cstr1] [ - dstr2]
- a == a option
- b == b option
- c == c option
- d == d option
EOU
print $usage ;
my $a = 0 ;
my $b = 0 ;
my $c = 0 ;
my $d = 0 ;
foreach my $arg ( @ARGV )
{
if ( $arg =~/^- a$ / i){ $a = 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- b( .* )$ / i) { $b = $ 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- c( .* )$ / i) { $c = $ 1 ;}
elsif ( $arg =~/^- d( .* )$ / i) { $d = $ 1 ;}
}
if ( $a ) { print " a option is used!\n " ;}
if ( $b ) { print " b option is used! and the value is $b\n " ;}
if ( $c ) { print " c option is used! and the value is $c\n " ;}
if ( $d ) { print " d option is used! and the value is $d\n " ;}
# calling
#perl commandline3.cmd -a -b12 -cfoor -dbar
#output
#usage : [-a] [-bnum] [-cstr1] [-dstr2]
# -a == a option
# -b == b option
# -c == c option
# -d == d option
#a option is used!
#b option is used! and the value is 12
#c option is used! and the value is foo
#d option is used! and the value is bar
exit ( 1 );
__END__
: endofperl
完!