OpenCV中resize函数五种插值算法的实现过程

最新版OpenCV2.4.7中，cv::resize函数有五种插值算法：最近邻、双线性、双三次、基于像素区域关系、兰索斯插值。下面用for循环代替cv::resize函数来说明其详细的插值实现过程，其中部分代码摘自于cv::resize函数中的源代码。

每种插值算法的前部分代码是相同的，如下：

	cv::Mat matSrc, matDst1, matDst2;

	matSrc = cv::imread("lena.jpg", 2 | 4);
	matDst1 = cv::Mat(cv::Size(800, 1000), matSrc.type(), cv::Scalar::all(0));
	matDst2 = cv::Mat(matDst1.size(), matSrc.type(), cv::Scalar::all(0));

	double scale_x = (double)matSrc.cols / matDst1.cols;
	double scale_y = (double)matSrc.rows / matDst1.rows;

1、最近邻：公式，

	for (int i = 0; i < matDst1.cols; ++i)
	{
		int sx = cvFloor(i * scale_x);
		sx = std::min(sx, matSrc.cols - 1);
		for (int j = 0; j < matDst1.rows; ++j)
		{
			int sy = cvFloor(j * scale_y);
			sy = std::min(sy, matSrc.rows - 1);
			matDst1.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i) = matSrc.at<cv::Vec3b>(sy, sx);
		}
	}
	cv::imwrite("nearest_1.jpg", matDst1);

	cv::resize(matSrc, matDst2, matDst1.size(), 0, 0, 0);
	cv::imwrite("nearest_2.jpg", matDst2);

2、双线性：由相邻的四像素(2*2)计算得出，公式，

	uchar* dataDst = matDst1.data;
	int stepDst = matDst1.step;
	uchar* dataSrc = matSrc.data;
	int stepSrc = matSrc.step;
	int iWidthSrc = matSrc.cols;
	int iHiehgtSrc = matSrc.rows;

	for (int j = 0; j < matDst1.rows; ++j)
	{
		float fy = (float)((j + 0.5) * scale_y - 0.5);
		int sy = cvFloor(fy);
		fy -= sy;
		sy = std::min(sy, iHiehgtSrc - 2);
		sy = std::max(0, sy);

		short cbufy[2];
		cbufy[0] = cv::saturate_cast<short>((1.f - fy) * 2048);
		cbufy[1] = 2048 - cbufy[0];

		for (int i = 0; i < matDst1.cols; ++i)
		{
			float fx = (float)((i + 0.5) * scale_x - 0.5);
			int sx = cvFloor(fx);
			fx -= sx;

			if (sx < 0) {
				fx = 0, sx = 0;
			}
			if (sx >= iWidthSrc - 1) {
				fx = 0, sx = iWidthSrc - 2;
			}

			short cbufx[2];
			cbufx[0] = cv::saturate_cast<short>((1.f - fx) * 2048);
			cbufx[1] = 2048 - cbufx[0];

			for (int k = 0; k < matSrc.channels(); ++k)
			{
				*(dataDst+ j*stepDst + 3*i + k) = (*(dataSrc + sy*stepSrc + 3*sx + k) * cbufx[0] * cbufy[0] + 
					*(dataSrc + (sy+1)*stepSrc + 3*sx + k) * cbufx[0] * cbufy[1] + 
					*(dataSrc + sy*stepSrc + 3*(sx+1) + k) * cbufx[1] * cbufy[0] + 
					*(dataSrc + (sy+1)*stepSrc + 3*(sx+1) + k) * cbufx[1] * cbufy[1]) >> 22;
			}
		}
	}
	cv::imwrite("linear_1.jpg", matDst1);

	cv::resize(matSrc, matDst2, matDst1.size(), 0, 0, 1);
	cv::imwrite("linear_2.jpg", matDst2);

3、双三次：由相邻的4*4像素计算得出，公式类似于双线性

	int iscale_x = cv::saturate_cast<int>(scale_x);
	int iscale_y = cv::saturate_cast<int>(scale_y);

	for (int j = 0; j < matDst1.rows; ++j)
	{
		float fy = (float)((j + 0.5) * scale_y - 0.5);
		int sy = cvFloor(fy);
		fy -= sy;
		sy = std::min(sy, matSrc.rows - 3);
		sy = std::max(1, sy);

		const float A = -0.75f;

		float coeffsY[4];
		coeffsY[0] = ((A*(fy + 1) - 5*A)*(fy + 1) + 8*A)*(fy + 1) - 4*A;
		coeffsY[1] = ((A + 2)*fy - (A + 3))*fy*fy + 1;
		coeffsY[2] = ((A + 2)*(1 - fy) - (A + 3))*(1 - fy)*(1 - fy) + 1;
		coeffsY[3] = 1.f - coeffsY[0] - coeffsY[1] - coeffsY[2];

		short cbufY[4];