C++ 笔记10 | 多态(polymorphic)

eg:实现图形库，用于显示各种图形
				 图形基类(位置、绘制)
				/					\
	矩形子类(宽和高、绘制)		圆形子类(半径、绘制)	

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape{
   //图形基类
public:
    Shape(int x = 0,int y = 0):m_x(x),m_y(y){
   }
    virtual void draw(void){
   //虚函数
        cout << "绘制图形:" << m_x << "," << m_y << endl;
    }
protected:
    int m_x;//x坐标
    int m_y;//y坐标
};

class Rect:public Shape{
   //矩形子类
public:
    Rect(int x,int y,int w,int h):Shape(x,y),m_w(w),m_h(h){
   }
    void draw(void){
   //自动变成虚函数
        cout << "绘制矩形:" << m_x << "," << m_y << "," << m_w
            << "," << m_h << endl;
    }
private:
    int m_w;//宽度
    int m_h;//高度
};

class Circle:public Shape{
   //圆形子类
public:
    Circle(int x,int y,int r):Shape(x,y),m_r(r){
   }
    void draw(void){
   //自动变成虚函数
        cout << "绘制圆形:" << m_x << "," << m_y << "," << m_r
            << endl;
    }
private:
    int m_r;
};
void render(Shape* buf[]){
   
    //正常通过指针调用成员函数根据指针的类型去调用;但是如果调用的是
    //虚函数,不再根据指针本身类型而是根据实际指向的目标对象类型调用
    for(int i=0;buf[i]!=NULL;i++)
        buf[i]->draw();
}
int main(void){
   
    Shape* buf[1024] = {
   NULL};//用户缓冲区
    buf[0] = new Rect(1,2,3,4);<