【OpcUA开发笔记 1】open62541在Win10下编译及Qt开发

一、前言

       为了统一公司的驱动层开发，准备采用OpcUA的方式转发底层数据，而服务器有Windows Server，也有CentOS，因此想用Qt开发一个基于MinGW的OpcUA Server，这样就能跨平台部署。这里记录一下，希望对你也有用。

二、准备open62541

       open62541是一款基于C语言实现的OPC UA通信库。该库实现了OPC UA标准的客户端和服务器端，并支持各种操作系统和编译器。该OPC UA通信库功能丰富、易于移植、可扩展性好、性能优越，被广泛应用于工业自动化、智能制造、物联网等领域，是开发OPC UA应用的一个重要选择

1. 下载open62541

地址：https://github.com/open62541/open62541/releases/tag/v1.3.9

2. 安装CMake

地址：Download CMake

CMake的安装和使用_cmake安装-CSDN博客

3. 安装编译环境：MinGW

MinGW-w64 - for 32 and 64 bit Windows - Browse Files at SourceForge.net

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4. 设置环境变量

5. 安装Python3

Download Python | Python.org

三、编译

1.、在open62541目录下建立build_mingw文件夹。

2、打开CMake GUI，选择路径源文件路径和要编译输出的路径build_mingw

出现以下问题，则表示他没找到make的路径，需要点击Add Entery，手动添加CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM。类的的其他问题，也可以手动添加相关路径之后再重试。此时最好同时勾选Grouped和Advanced复选框后面有用。如下所示，然后点击Configure，如果不成功就重启下Cmake。

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3、Configure完成后，在UA根节点下选择UA_ENABLE_AMALGAMATION，这是生成单独源文件和头文件的命令；

4. 点击Generate就会生成Makefile文件。

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5、在build_mingw文件夹下执行make命令进行编译。

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四、用Qt调用open62541

       在windows下就用CMake生成VS版本比较好，一些windows依赖库也就自己加到工程里去了，如果要用Qt，注意以下几点：

    1. 用Qt5建立Non-Qt-Project / C++ Plain Application工程，Qt6目前测试有问题；

    2. 要用qMake，这样不用写cMake代码配置工程；

    3. 我们将上一节生成的.h和.a及.c文件放到open62541文件夹中并拷贝到工程目录下，在工程中添加库.a和.h文件（或者.c搭配.h文件，这种方式可以改一些配置。另外，在windows下基于mingw编译的.a静态库也能执行，不过要跨平台，在Linux下仍然需要重新编译.a静态库）；

    4. 如果有using namespace std，要放到 #include "open62541/open62541.h" 上面；

    5. 需要在.pro中加入LIBS += -lpthread libwsock32 libws2_32。

       以下给一个Server的例子，该例子来自于源码根目录下的examples\tutorial_server_variable.c，只是我们已经生成了open62541.h就可以干掉源码里的以下两句：

#include <open62541/plugin/log_stdout.h>
#include <open62541/server.h>

用一句 #include "open62541/open62541.h"代替就好了，免得有其他引用问题。

/* This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CCZero 1.0 Universal License.
 * See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ for more information. */

/**
 * Adding Variables to a Server
 * ----------------------------
 *
 * This tutorial shows how to work with data types and how to add variable nodes
 * to a server. First, we add a new variable to the server. Take a look at the
 * definition of the ``UA_VariableAttributes`` structure to see the list of all
 * attributes defined for VariableNodes.
 *
 * Note that the default settings have the AccessLevel of the variable value as
 * read only. See below for making the variable writable.
 */

//#include <open62541/plugin/log_stdout.h>
//#include <open62541/server.h>
//#include <open62541/server_config_default.h>

#include "../open62541/open62541.h"

#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void
addVariable(UA_Server *server) {
    /* Define the attribute of the myInteger variable node */
    UA_VariableAttributes attr = UA_VariableAttributes_default;
    UA_Int32 myInteger = 42;
    UA_Variant_setScalar(&attr.value, &myInteger, &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_INT32]);
    attr.description = UA_LOCALIZEDTEXT("en-US","the answer");
    attr.displayName = UA_LOCALIZEDTEXT("en-US","the answer");
    attr.dataType = UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_INT32].typeId;
    attr.accessLevel = UA_ACCESSLEVELMASK_READ | UA_ACCESSLEVELMASK_WRITE;

    /* Add the variable node to the information model */
    UA_NodeId myIntegerNodeId = UA_NODEID_STRING(1, "the.answer");
    UA_QualifiedName myIntegerName = UA_QUALIFIEDNAME(1, "the answer");
    UA_NodeId parentNodeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_OBJECTSFOLDER);
    UA_NodeId parentReferenceNodeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_ORGANIZES);
    UA_Server_addVariableNode(server, myIntegerNodeId, parentNodeId,
                              parentReferenceNodeId, myIntegerName,
                              UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_BASEDATAVARIABLETYPE), attr, NULL, NULL);
}

static void
addMatrixVariable(UA_Server *server) {
    UA_VariableAttributes attr = UA_VariableAttributes_default;
    attr.displayName = UA_LOCALIZEDTEXT("en-US", "Double Matrix");
    attr.accessLevel = UA_ACCESSLEVELMASK_READ | UA_ACCESSLEVELMASK_WRITE;

    /* Set the variable value constraints */
    attr.dataType = UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_DOUBLE].typeId;
    attr.valueRank = UA_VALUERANK_TWO_DIMENSIONS;
    UA_UInt32 arrayDims[2] = {2,2};
    attr.arrayDimensions = arrayDims;
    attr.arrayDimensionsSize = 2;

    /* Set the value. The array dimensions need to be the same for the value. */
    UA_Double zero[4] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
    UA_Variant_setArray(&attr.value, zero, 4, &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_DOUBLE]);
    attr.value.arrayDimensions = arrayDims;
    attr.value.arrayDimensionsSize = 2;

    UA_NodeId myIntegerNodeId = UA_NODEID_STRING(1, "double.matrix");
    UA_QualifiedName myIntegerName = UA_QUALIFIEDNAME(1, "double matrix");
    UA_NodeId parentNodeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_OBJECTSFOLDER);
    UA_NodeId parentReferenceNodeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_ORGANIZES);
    UA_Server_addVariableNode(server, myIntegerNodeId, parentNodeId,
                              parentReferenceNodeId, myIntegerName,
                              UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_BASEDATAVARIABLETYPE),
                              attr, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * Now we change the value with the write service. This uses the same service
 * implementation that can also be reached over the network by an OPC UA client.
 */

static void
writeVariable(UA_Server *server) {
    UA_NodeId myIntegerNodeId = UA_NODEID_STRING(1, "the.answer");

    /* Write a different integer value */
    UA_Int32 myInteger = 43;
    UA_Variant myVar;
    UA_Variant_init(&myVar);
    UA_Variant_setScalar(&myVar, &myInteger, &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_INT32]);
    UA_Server_writeValue(server, myIntegerNodeId, myVar);

    /* Set the status code of the value to an error code. The function
     * UA_Server_write provides access to the raw service. The above
     * UA_Server_writeValue is syntactic sugar for writing a specific node
     * attribute with the write service. */
    UA_WriteValue wv;
    UA_WriteValue_init(&wv);
    wv.nodeId = myIntegerNodeId;
    wv.attributeId = UA_ATTRIBUTEID_VALUE;
    wv.value.status = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTCONNECTED;
    wv.value.hasStatus = true;
    UA_Server_write(server, &wv);

    /* Reset the variable to a good statuscode with a value */
    wv.value.hasStatus = false;
    wv.value.value = myVar;
    wv.value.hasValue = true;
    UA_Server_write(server, &wv);
}

/**
 * Note how we initially set the DataType attribute of the variable node to the
 * NodeId of the Int32 data type. This forbids writing values that are not an
 * Int32. The following code shows how this consistency check is performed for
 * every write.
 */

static void
writeWrongVariable(UA_Server *server) {
    UA_NodeId myIntegerNodeId = UA_NODEID_STRING(1, "the.answer");

    /* Write a string */
    UA_String myString = UA_STRING("test");
    UA_Variant myVar;
    UA_Variant_init(&myVar);
    UA_Variant_setScalar(&myVar, &myString, &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_STRING]);
    UA_StatusCode retval = UA_Server_writeValue(server, myIntegerNodeId, myVar);
    printf("Writing a string returned statuscode %s\n", UA_StatusCode_name(retval));
}

/** It follows the main server code, making use of the above definitions. */

static volatile UA_Boolean running = true;
static void stopHandler(int sign) {
    UA_LOG_INFO(UA_Log_Stdout, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER, "received ctrl-c");
    running = false;
}

int main(void) {
    signal(SIGINT, stopHandler);
    signal(SIGTERM, stopHandler);

    UA_Server *server = UA_Server_new();
    UA_ServerConfig_setDefault(UA_Server_getConfig(server));
    UA_ServerConfig* config = UA_Server_getConfig(server);
    config->verifyRequestTimestamp = UA_RULEHANDLING_ACCEPT;
#ifdef UA_ENABLE_WEBSOCKET_SERVER
    UA_ServerConfig_addNetworkLayerWS(UA_Server_getConfig(server), 7681, 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
#endif

    addVariable(server);
    addMatrixVariable(server);
    writeVariable(server);
    writeWrongVariable(server);

    UA_StatusCode retval = UA_Server_run(server, &running);

    UA_Server_delete(server);
    return retval == UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}

至此，你发现已经可以运行了，下载一个UaExpert当做客户端来测一下吧。