VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块教程

今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。

1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。

3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。

4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。

5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。

6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。

7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。

8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。



根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：

[cpp]  view plain copy

1. # include <graphics.h>  
2. # include <conio.h>  
3.   void main()  
4.   {     
5.       initgraph(640,480);  
6.       setcolor(BROWN);  
7.       line(200,200,300,130);  
8.       line(400,200,300,130);  
9.       rectangle(200,200,400,380);  
10.       setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));  
11.       circle(255,260,20);  
12.       circle(345,260,20);  
13.       rectangle(280,300,310,360);  
14.       getch();  
15.       closegraph();  
16.   }  

还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：

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1. # include <graphics.h>  
2. # include <conio.h>  
3. # include <math.h>  
4. # define PI 3.1415926  
5.   void main()  
6.   {  
7.       initgraph(640, 480);  
8.       int x,y,r=200,c;  
9.       double a;  
10.       for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)  
11.       {  
12.           x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);  
13.           y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);  
14.           c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));  
15.           setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));  
16.           line(320,240,x,y);  
17.       }  
18.       getch();  
19.       closegraph();  
20.   }  

9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。

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1. # include <graphics.h>  
2. # include <conio.h>  
3.   void main()  
4.   {  
5.       int i,y;  
6.       initgraph(640,480);  
7.       for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)  
8.       {  
9.           setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));  
10.           line(0,y,639,y);  
11.           line(0,y+2,639,y+2);  
12.           Sleep(10);  
13.           setcolor(BLACK);  
14.           line(0,y,639,y);  
15.       }  
16.       getch();  
17.       closegraph();  
18.   }  

10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。

11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

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1. # include <stdio.h>  
2. # include <time.h>  
3. # include <graphics.h>  
4.   void main()  
5.   {  
6.       int t=10;  
7.       while(t--)  
8.       {  
9.           srand(time(NULL));  
10.           printf("%d\n",rand());  
11.           Sleep(1000);  
12.       }  
13. }  

12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.

13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。

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1. # include <stdio.h>  
2. # include <graphics.h>  
3. # include <conio.h>  
4.   void main()  
5.   {  
6.       int key;  
7.       while(1)  
8.       {  
9.           if(kbhit())  
10.           {  
11.               key=getch();  
12.               if(key==224)  
13.                   key=getch();  
14.               printf("%d",key);  
15.           }  
16.           else  
17.               printf("*");  
18.           Sleep(500);  
19.       }  
20.   }  

14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。

15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。

16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");

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1. # include <graphics.h>  
2. # include <conio.h>  
3. # include <stdio.h>  
4.   void main()  
5.   {  
6.       char s[10];  
7.       initgraph(640,480);  
8.       setfont(42,0,"隶体");  
9.       outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块");  
10.       sprintf(s,"%d",2015);  
11.       outtextxy(250,250,s);  
12.       getch();  
13.       closegraph();  
14.   }  

上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。

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1. # include <stdio.h>  
2. # include <time.h>  
3. # include <conio.h>  
4. # include <graphics.h>  
5.   int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;  
6.   int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};  
7.   int block[36][5][5]=  
8.   {  
9.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
10.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
11.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
12.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
13.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
14.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
15.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
16.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
17.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
18.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
19.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
20.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
21.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
22.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
23.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
24.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
25.       {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},  
26.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},  
27.       {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},  
28.       {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
29.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
30.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
31.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
32.       {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
33.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
34.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
35.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
36.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
37.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
38.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
39.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
40.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
41.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
42.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
43.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  
44.       {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}  
45.   };  
46.   void Interface();//界面的设计  
47.   void nextblock();//生成下一个方块  
48.   void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中  
49.   void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块  
50.   int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动  
51.   int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转  
52.   void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置  
53.   void full();//判断有没有能够消行的  
54.   void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行  
55.   int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束  
56.   int main()  
57.   {  
58.       int i,j;  
59.       Interface();  
60.       nextblock();  
61.       Sleep(500);  
62.       memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));  
63.       while(1)  
64.       {  
65.       newblock();  
66.       full();  
67.       if(gameover())  
68.           break;  
69.       }  
70.       getch();  
71.       closegraph();  
72.       return 0;  
73.   }  
74.   void Interface()  
75.   {  
76.       int i,j;  
77.       char str[10];  
78.       initgraph(550, 660);  
79.       HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();  
80.       SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块                 制作:丶阿明");  
81.       Sleep(2000);  
82.       setfont(40,0,"隶体");  
83.       setcolor(RED);  
84.       outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");  
85.       setfont(40,0,"楷体");  
86.       for(i=0;i<=255;i++)  
87.           for(j=0;j<=255;j++)  
88.           {  
89.               setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));  
90.               outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!");  
91.           }  
92.           Sleep(2000);  
93.           setcolor(YELLOW);  
94.           setfont(22,0,"隶体");  
95.           outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");  
96.           setfont(22,0,"楷体");  
97.           outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以");  
98.           setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);  
99.           Sleep(2500);  
100.           outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!");  
101.           getch();  
102.           cleardevice();  
103.           setcolor(WHITE);  
104.           rectangle(29,29,334,633);  
105.           rectangle(28,28,335,634);  
106.           rectangle(370,50,515,195);  
107.           setfont(24,0, "楷体");  
108.           setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);  
109.           outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:");  
110.           setcolor(RED);  
111.           outtextxy(405,280,"分数:");  
112.           sprintf(str,"%d",score);  
113.           outtextxy(415,310,str);  
114.           outtextxy(405,375,"等级:");  
115.           sprintf(str,"%d",rank);  
116.           outtextxy(425,405,str);  
117.           setfont(22,0, "楷体");  
118.           setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);  
119.           outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:");  
120.           outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转");  
121.           outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");  
122.           outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");  
123.           outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");  
124.           outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停");  
125.   }  
126.   void nextblock()  
127.   {  
128.       int i,j,x=391,y=71;  
129.       setfont(23,0,"楷体");  
130.       setcolor(BLACK);  
131.       for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
132.           for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
133.               outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  
134.           srand(time(NULL));  
135.           a=rand()%9;  
136.           setcolor(color[a]);  
137.           for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
138.               for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
139.                   if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)  
140.                       outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  
141.   }  
142.   void newblock()  
143.   {  
144.       int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;  
145.       if(A==0||A==1||A==6)  
146.           y-=60;  
147.       else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)  
148.           y-=40;  
149.       else  
150.           y-=80;  
151.       setfont(23,0,"楷体");  
152.       setcolor(color[A]);  
153.       for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
154.           for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
155.               if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)  
156.                   outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  
157.               Sleep(100);  
158.               nextblock();  
159.               move(x,y,A);  
160.   }  
161.   void move(int x,int y,int A)  
162.   {  
163.       int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;  
164.       while(1)  
165.       {  
166.           f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);  
167.           if(f==0)  
168.           {  
169.               mark(x,y+k,A,next);  
170.               break;  
171.           }  
172.           if(kbhit())  
173.           {  
174.               key=getch();  
175.               if(key==32)  
176.                   getch();  
177.           }  
178.           setcolor(BLACK);  
179.           for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
180.               for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
181.                   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)  
182.                       outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");  
183.                   if(kbhit())  
184.                   {  
185.                       key=getch();  
186.                       if(key==72)  
187.                       {  
188.                           nex=(next+1)%4;  
189.                           if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))  
190.                               next=nex;  
191.                       }  
192.                       else if(key==80)  
193.                           Speed=50;  
194.                       else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))  
195.                           x-=20;  
196.                       else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))  
197.                           x+=20;  
198.                   }  
199.                   setcolor(color[A]);  
200.                   for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
201.                       for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
202.                           if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)  
203.                               outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");  
204.                           Sleep(Speed);  
205.                           k+=20;  
206.               }  
207.   }  
208.   int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)  
209.   {  
210.       int i,j,x,y,f=1;  
211.       x=(y0-minY)/20;  
212.       y=(x0-minX)/20;  
213.       if(dir=='x')  
214.       {  
215.           for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
216.               for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
217.               if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))  
218.                   f=0;  
219.       }  
220.       else if(dir=='z')  
221.       {  
222.           for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
223.               for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
224.                   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))  
225.                       f=0;  
226.       }  
227.       else if(dir=='y')  
228.       {  
229.           for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
230.               for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
231.                   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))  
232.                       f=0;  
233.       }  
234.       return f;  
235.   }  
236.   int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  
237.   {  
238.       int i,j,x,y,f=1;  
239.       x=(y0-minY)/20;  
240.       y=(x0-minX)/20;  
241.       if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))  
242.           f=0;  
243.       for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
244.           for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
245.               if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))  
246.                   f=0;  
247.               return f;  
248.   }  
249.   void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  
250.   {  
251.       int i,j,x,y;  
252.       x=(y0-minY)/20;  
253.       y=(x0-minX)/20;  
254.       for(i=0;i<5;i++)  
255.           for(j=0;j<5;j++)  
256.               if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)  
257.               {  
258.                   visit[x+i][y+j]=1;  
259.                   Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];  
260.               }  
261.   }  
262.   void full()  
263.   {  
264.       int i,j,k=0;  
265.       char str[10];  
266.       for(i=29;i>=0;i--)  
267.       {  
268.           for(j=0;j<15;j++)  
269.               if(visit[i][j]==0)  
270.                   break;  
271.               if(j==15)  
272.               {  
273.                   k++;  
274.                   down(i);  
275.                   i++;  
276.               }  
277.       }  
278.       setcolor(RED);  
279.       score+=10*k;  
280.       sprintf(str,"%d",score);  
281.       outtextxy(415,310,str);  
282.       rank=(score/50);  
283.       sprintf(str,"%d",rank);  
284.       outtextxy(425,405,str);  
285.       speed=500-100*rank;  
286.       if(speed==0)  
287.           speed=100;  
288.       if(score>=300)  
289.           speed=75;  
290.   }  
291.   void down(int x)  
292.   {  
293.       int i,j;  
294.       for(i=x;i>0;i--)  
295.           for(j=0;j<15;j++)  
296.               if(visit[i-1][j]==1)  
297.               {  
298.                   visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];  
299.                   Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];  
300.                   setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);  
301.                   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");  
302.               }  
303.               else  
304.               {  
305.                   visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];  
306.                   setcolor(BLACK);  
307.                   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");  
308.               }  
309.               setcolor(BLACK);  
310.               for(j=0;j<15;j++)  
311.               {  
312.                   visit[0][j]=0;  
313.                   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");  
314.               }  
315.   }  
316.   int gameover()  
317.   {  
318.       int i,j;  
319.       for(i=0;i<15;i++)  
320.           if(visit[0][i]==1)  
321.           {  
322.               for(i=0;i<=7;i++)  
323.               {  
324.                   setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));  
325.                   for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))  
326.                       outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");  
327.                   for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))  
328.                       outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");  
329.                   for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))  
330.                       outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");  
331.                   for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))  
332.                       outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");  
333.               }  
334.               setcolor(WHITE);  
335.               setfont(45,0,"隶体");  
336.               outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");  
337.               Sleep(5000);  
338.               return 1;  
339.           }  
340.           return 0;  
341.   }  

我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。

我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。

附上效果图：