【python初级】 ubuntu18.04安装mqtt服务器--方法1

1、背景

博主在个人阿里云服务器上安装mqtt服务器，可以远程和客户调试代码。
阿里云操作系统：ubuntu18.04

2、安装mqtt服务器

采用ubuntu系统最直接的apt安装：

sudo apt install mosquitto 

出现提示需要输入y，然后等到执行即可。

安装日志如下：

root@iZu2Z:~# sudo apt install  mosquitto
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libopts25 sntp
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libev4 libuv1 libwebsockets8
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libev4 libuv1 libwebsockets8 mosquitto
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 243 not upgraded.
Need to get 279 kB of archives.
After this operation, 771 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libuv1 amd64 1.18.0-3 [64.4 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libev4 amd64 1:4.22-1 [26.3 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libwebsockets8 amd64 2.0.3-3build1 [71.8 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 mosquitto amd64 1.4.15-2ubuntu0.18.04.3 [116 kB]
Fetched 279 kB in 0s (1,259 kB/s)   
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (Dialog frontend requires a screen at least 13 lines tall and 31 columns wide.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
Selecting previously unselected package libuv1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 112043 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libuv1_1.18.0-3_amd64.deb ...

Progress: [  0%] [.........................................................................................]
Unpacking libuv1:amd64 (1.18.0-3) .........................................................................]

Progress: [ 10%] [########.................................................................................]
Selecting previously unselected package libev4.............................................................]
Preparing to unpack .../libev4_1%3a4.22-1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...###.........................................................................]

Progress: [ 24%] [#####################....................................................................]
Selecting previously unselected package libwebsockets8:amd64...............................................]
Preparing to unpack .../libwebsockets8_2.0.3-3build1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libwebsockets8:amd64 (2.0.3-3build1) ............................................................]

Progress: [ 38%] [#################################........................................................]
Selecting previously unselected package mosquitto.######...................................................]
Preparing to unpack .../mosquitto_1.4.15-2ubuntu0.18.04.3_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mosquitto (1.4.15-2ubuntu0.18.04.3) ...###########...............................................]

Progress: [ 52%] [##############################################...........................................]
Setting up libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...####################################.......................................]

Progress: [ 62%] [#######################################################..................................]
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ...##########################..............................]
Setting up libuv1:amd64 (1.18.0-3) ...

Progress: [ 71%] [###############################################################..........................]
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...#################################......................]
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.21) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libwebsockets8:amd64 (2.0.3-3build1) ...

Progress: [ 81%] [########################################################################.................]
Setting up mosquitto (1.4.15-2ubuntu0.18.04.3) ...############################################.............]

Progress: [ 90%] [################################################################################.........]
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...##################################################.....]
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.21) ...
root@iZu2Z:~#

3、查询mqtt是否正确运行

采用如下命令查看mosquitto MQTT是否正确运行：

sudo service mosquitto status

运行如下：

root@iZu2Z:~# sudo service mosquitto status
● mosquitto.service - LSB: mosquitto MQTT v3.1 message broker
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/mosquitto; generated)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-12-07 15:09:41 CST; 3min 29s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 2217)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mosquitto.service
           └─23651 /usr/sbin/mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf


Dec 07 15:09:41 iZu2Z systemd[1]: Starting LSB: mosquitto MQTT v3.1 message broker...
Dec 07 15:09:41 iZu2Z mosquitto[23638]:  * Starting network daemon: mosquitto
Dec 07 15:09:41 iZu2Z mosquitto[23638]:    ...done.
Dec 07 15:09:41 iZu2Z systemd[1]: Started LSB: mosquitto MQTT v3.1 message broker.
root@iZu2Z:~#

4、测试mqtt服务

4.1、在阿里云上安装了MQTT服务，然后将阿里云的TCP端口请打开，如下：

4.2、在我的本地ubuntu18.04台式机上，打开一个终端，
执行以下命令，订阅主题"jn10010537":

mosquitto_sub -h "159.176.23.180" -t  "jn10010537" -v

4.3、在我的本地ubuntu18.04台式机上，打开另外一个终端，
执行以下命令，发布消息到主题 “jn10010537”:

mosquitto_pub -h "159.176.23.180" -t "jn10010537" -m  "hello jn10010537"

可以看到mosquitto_sub对应的终端，将及时收到"hello jn10010537"消息。

注意：使用mosquitto_sub、mosquitto_pub需要安装mqtt客户端，即：

sudo apt install mosquitto-clients