【Solar Cell】太阳能电池的光吸收系数（Optical Absorption Coefficient）的半经验公式

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引言

动机

在计算半导体的光吸收系数$\alpha$时，‌需要同时考虑波长$\lambda$和温度$T$的变化，这时需要找到一个经验公式来对其进行描述。‌

For the absorption coefficient $\alpha$ of silicon we use a widely used semi-empirical model.

【ref】[1] A. Varpula and M. Prunnila, Diffusion-emission theory of photon enhanced thermionic emission solar energy harvesters, Journal of Applied Physics 112, 044506 (2012).

参考

主要的参考文献（Solar Cell）：

【ref】[1] K. Rajkanan, Absorption coefficient of silicon for solar cell calculations, (1979).
【ref】[2] K. Bücher, J. Bruns, and H. G. Wagemann, Absorption coefficient of silicon: An assessment of measurements and the simulation of temperature variation, Journal of Applied Physics 75, 1127 (1994).
【ref】[3] M. A. Green, Self-consistent optical parameters of intrinsic silicon at 300K including temperature coefficients, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92, 1305 (2008).
【ref】[4] C.-Y. Tsai, Absorption coefficients of silicon: A theoretical treatment, Journal of Applied Physics 123, 183103 (2018).

主要的参考文献（PETE）：

【ref】[1] A. Varpula and M. Prunnila, Diffusion-emission theory of photon enhanced thermionic emission solar energy harvesters, Journal of Applied Physics 112, 044506 (2012).
【ref】[2] A. Varpula, K. Tappura, and M. Prunnila, Si, GaAs, and InP as cathode materials for photon-enhanced thermionic emission solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 134, 351 (2015).

光吸收简介

光吸收机理（Optical Absorption Mechanism）

半导体的光吸收过程主要涉及本征吸收和非本征吸收两种机制。‌本征吸收是指价带中的电子吸收能量大于或等于禁带宽度的光子，‌从而跃迁到导带，‌同时在价带中留下空穴，‌形成电子-空穴对。‌这个过程要求入射光子的能量（‌hν）‌至少等于材料的禁带宽度（‌Eg）‌，‌即hν≥Eg；非本征吸收则包括杂质吸收、‌自由载流子吸收等多种机制，‌这些机制与半导体的杂质浓度、‌温度等因素有关。‌

对于本征吸收，‌其吸收系数与光子能量的关系在直接跃迁的情况下可以表示为：‌$\alpha \propto (h\nu -Eg{)}^{1/2}$，其中，‌α是吸收系数，‌hν是光子能量，‌Eg是禁带宽度。‌这个公式适用于直接跃迁的半导体材料，‌如GaAs等。‌然而，‌半导体的光吸收系数不仅与波长（‌或光子能量）‌有关，‌还受到温度的影响。‌温度的变化会影响半导体的禁带宽度，‌因为禁带宽度会随着温度的升高而减小。‌这意味着，‌随着温度的升高，‌半导体的光吸收截止波长也会随之增长。‌因此，‌在实际应用中，‌计算半导体的光吸收系数时，‌需要同时考虑波长和温度的变化。‌

此外，‌非本征吸收机制，‌如杂质吸收和自由载流子吸收，‌也会影响半导体的光吸收特性。‌这些机制与半导体的杂质浓度、‌温度等因素密切相关，‌因此在具体应用中还需要考虑这些因素的影响。‌

光吸收系数（Optical Absorption Coefficient）

• Different semiconductor materials have different absorption coefficients.
• Materials with higher absorption coefficients more readily absorb photons, which excite electrons into the conduction band.
• Knowing the absorption coefficients of materials aids engineers in determining which material to use in their solar cell designs.

光吸收系数的意义：

The absorption coefficient determines how far into a material light of a particular wavelength can penetrate before it is absorbed. In a material with a low absorption coefficient, light is only poorly absorbed, and if the material is thin enough, it will appear