STM32学习————从延时函数到中断控制灯500ms闪烁

jumpknight

已于 2023-09-03 12:37:07 修改

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文章标签： stm32 学习嵌入式硬件

于 2023-08-08 00:53:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jumpknight/article/details/132157863

版权

1.Delay延时函数

//          main              //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"                  // Device header

int main(void)
{

    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
	while(1)
	{
		
		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, (BitAction)0);
		Delay_ms(500);
		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, (BitAction)1);
		Delay_ms(500);
		
		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET);
		Delay_ms(500);
		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_SET);
		Delay_ms(500);
		
		GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0);
    	Delay_ms(500);
		GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0);
		Delay_ms(500);
    }
}

首先是最简单的写法，通过GPIO位操作，delay延时函数直接控制led灯闪灭。

第一种是通过bitA0引脚直接控制led。

第二种是用向芯片写入数据控制A0引脚。

第三种是用0/1方便查看。

这样写样子太丑了，所以可以把led模块化。

2.模块化led函数

//           main          //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"                  // Device header
#include "led.h"     

int main(void)
{
	led_init();
	while(1)
	{		
		led_on();
		Delay_ms(500);
		led_off();
		Delay_ms(500);
	}
}

//             led            //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void led_init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;	
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}

void led_on(void)
{
	GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET);
}

void led_off(void)
{
	GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_SET);
}

用Delay写显然会出现问题，因为delay延时会影响其他函数的正常刷新，导致程序卡死，不能执行其他中断或者函数。

3.中断控制led闪烁

//            main            //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "led.h"     
#include "time.h"

uint16_t f_500ms1;
uint16_t f_500ms2;

uint16_t cnt_500ms1;
uint16_t cnt_500ms2;

void Timer_Init(void);
void led_mainloop(void);

int main(void)
{
	led_init();
	Timer_Init();
	while(1)
	{
		led_mainloop();
	}
}

void led_mainloop(void)
{	
	if(f_500ms1 == 0)
		led_on();
	if(f_500ms2 == 1)
		led_off();
}

void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) == SET)
	{		
		if(++cnt_500ms1 >= 5)
		{
			f_500ms1 = 1;cnt_500ms1 = 0;
			if(f_500ms1 == 1)
			{
				f_500ms2 = 1;
				if(++cnt_500ms2 >= 2)
				{
					f_500ms1 = 0;f_500ms2 = 0;cnt_500ms2 = 0;
				}
			}
		}
		
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update);
	}
}

//          timer         //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void Timer_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);
	
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM2);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 1000 - 1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 7200 - 1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
	
	TIM_ClearFlag(TIM2, TIM_FLAG_Update);
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);	
}

虽然比第二个麻烦，但是中断是很有必要的。

观察程序发现，用了两个计数器来延时，方法太繁琐了。其实闪烁还有更好的方法，比如说直接把灯500ms取反，这样就能让数据更清晰，不会绕来绕去。

4.中断控制led闪烁取反

//            main           //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "led.h"     
#include "time.h"
#include "OLED.h"

uint8_t f_1ms;
uint16_t f_500ms;

uint16_t cnt_500ms;

void Timer_Init(void);
void time_mainloop(void);
	
int main(void)
{
	led_init();
	Timer_Init();
	OLED_Init();
	while(1)
	{
		time_mainloop();
		OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "cnt_500ms :");
		OLED_ShowNum(1, 14, cnt_500ms, 1);
		OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "f_500ms :");
		OLED_ShowNum(3, 14, f_500ms, 1);
		if(f_500ms==1)
		{
			led_turn();
			f_500ms = 0;
		}
	}
}

void time_mainloop(void)
{
	if(!f_1ms)return;
	f_1ms = 0;
	
	if(++cnt_500ms>=5)
	{
		f_500ms=1;cnt_500ms=0;	
	}
}

//             time              //

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

extern uint8_t f_1ms;

void Timer_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);
	
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM2);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 1000 - 1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 7200 - 1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
	
	TIM_ClearFlag(TIM2, TIM_FLAG_Update);
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);	
}

void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) == SET)
	{		
		f_1ms = 1;	
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update);
	}
}

//       led        //
//在原有内容上新增

void led_turn(void)
{
	if(GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0) == 0)
	{
		GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0);
	}
	else
	{
		GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0);
	}	
}

程序肉眼可见的少了，而且逻辑更加清晰。此外还加了OLED屏可以方便观察led值的变化，方便调试程序。