C++综合案例练习--图书管理系统

图书管理系统

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43305922/article/details/102026377

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXREADER 20
using namespace std;
 
struct Date					/*日期结构*/
{ 
	int Year;				/*年*/
    int Month;				/*月*/    
    int Day;				/*日*/   
};
 
struct Reader				/*读者结构*/
{
	char num[20];			/*借书证号*/
	struct Date bro;		/*借出时间*/     
	struct Date back;       /*归还时间*/        
};
 
struct  Book                /*图书结构*/
{
	int  BookNumber;        /*对应书号*/           
	char strTitle[150];     /*书名*/
	char strWroter[150];    /*作者*/   
	int  RemNum;            /*可借阅册数*/    
	int  AllNum;			/*馆藏总册数*/      
	char strComment[300];   /*图书简介*/   
	struct Reader reader[MAXREADER]; 
};
 
struct Info                 /*借书信息结构*/
{
	struct Info *pParentPoint; /*前驱结点*/      
	struct Book *pBookInfo;    /*对应图书的信息*/    
	struct Info *pSon;         /*后继结点*/
};
 
struct Book *InputNode();
struct Info *Search(struct Info *bth,int x,int *flag);	/*查找图书*/
struct Info *InsertBookInfo(struct Info *bth);/*增加图书*/
struct Info *DeleteBookInfo(struct Info *bth);/*删除图书*/
void   OutputBookInfo(struct Info *bth);/*输出图书信息*/
void   BorrowBook(struct Info *bth);/*图书借阅*/
void   ReturnBook(struct Info *bth);/*图书归还*/
void SaveInfo(struct Info *head);/*保存图书信息*/
struct Info *ReadInfo();/*读取图书信息*/
char   ListMenu();/*图书馆管理系统主菜单*/
 
struct Info *Search(struct Info *head,int x,int *flag)
{
	struct Info *p=NULL;
	p=head; /*每次查询前,将工作指针指向双向链表头部结点*/
	*flag=0; /*是否查找到指定书号的标志*/
	while(p)
	{
		if(p->pBookInfo->BookNumber==x)
		{
			*flag = 1;/*找到相同的书号,置找到的标志*/
			return p;
		}
		if(p->pSon!=NULL)
			p = p->pSon;/*没到双向链表的尾部时,向后移动当前指针*/
		else
			break;/*到达链表尾部,跳出循环*/
	}
	return head;
}
 
struct Book *InputNode()
{
	struct Book *p=NULL;
	int i;
	
	p=(struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));   /*分配内存*/
	fflush(stdin);  /*清除以前的输入*/
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入书名：";   
	cin >> p->strTitle;/*从键盘取得书名*/
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入作者：";   	
	cin >> p->strWroter;/*从键盘取得作者名*/
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入可借阅册数：";   	
	cin >> p->RemNum;/*从键盘取得当前可借阅册数*/
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入馆藏总册数：";   
	cin >> p->AllNum;/*从键盘取得当前馆藏总册数*/
	fflush(stdin);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入本书简介：";   
	cin >> p->strComment;
	/*初始化图书结构成员的相关读者指针内容为空*/
	for(i=0;i<MAXREADER;i++)
		(p->reader[i]).num[0]='\0';	
	return p;  /*返回成功插入的一本书信息*/
}
 
struct Info *InsertBookInfo(struct Info *head)
{
	int flag;
	int x,z;
	struct Info *p=NULL,*q=NULL;
	struct Book *bookinfo=NULL;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入增加的书号：";   
	cin >> x;	
	q=Search(head,x,&flag);/*查找借阅的书是否有馆藏*/
	if(flag==1)   
    {
		/*查找成功，存在此书*/
		cout << endl;
		cout << "当前馆藏<<" << q->pBookInfo->strTitle << ">>书共有" << q->pBookInfo->AllNum << "本,您想新增一本吗？(y/n)" << endl;
		z=getch();
		if(z=='y'||z=='Y')       
		{
			q->pBookInfo->AllNum++;
			q->pBookInfo->RemNum++;  
			cout << endl;
			cout << "新增后共有" << q->pBookInfo->AllNum << "本, " << q->pBookInfo->RemNum << "本在馆。" << endl;
		}
		return head; 
    }	
	bookinfo=InputNode(); /*成功插入图书信息*/
	if(head==NULL) 
    {
		/*指针head为空时，表示当前链表为空，此时需要单独处理，即链表头内存分配*/
		p=(struct Info *)malloc(sizeof(struct Info));/*申请内存*/
		head=p;
		bookinfo->BookNumber = x;/*将书号存入图书信息结构体*/
		p->pParentPoint= NULL;/*前驱结点置空*/
		p->pSon=NULL;/*后继结点置空*/
		p->pBookInfo=bookinfo;
    }
	else
	{
		/*说明已经有头指针,则在此开始处理新插入的结构体指针*/
		p=head;
		while(p->pSon!=NULL)/*当循环结束后,p指向的就是最后一个结点*/
			p = p->pSon;/*当后继结点不为空时,表示还未到链表尾部*/		
		q=(struct Info *)malloc(sizeof(struct Info));/*申请内存*/
		bookinfo->BookNumber = x;/*将书号存入图书信息结构体*/
		p->pSon = q;        /*双向链表的前驱与后继结点链接*/
		q->pParentPoint= p;/*前驱结点置为p*/
		q->pSon=NULL;/*后继结点置空*/
		q->pBookInfo=bookinfo;/*指向新插入的图书信息结构体*/
	}
	return head;  
}
 
struct Info *DeleteBookInfo(struct Info *head)
{
	int flag;
	int x;
	struct Info  *p=NULL,*q=NULL;
	struct Book  *bookinfo=NULL;
	struct Info *BookParentPoint=NULL;/*前驱结点*/
	struct Info *BookSonPoint = NULL;/*后继结点*/
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入删除的书号："; 	
	cin >> x;	
	q=Search(head,x,&flag);/*查找指定的书是否存在*/  	
	if(flag==0) 
	{
		cout << endl;
		cout << "这本书不存在！" << endl; /*图书不存在是,直接输出消息并返回*/
	}
	else
	{
		bookinfo=q->pBookInfo;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "借阅的图书信息：";
		cout << endl;
		cout << "书名：" << bookinfo->strTitle;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "作者：" << bookinfo->strWroter;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "当前可借阅册数：" << bookinfo->RemNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "馆藏总册数：" << bookinfo->AllNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "本书简介：" << bookinfo->strComment << endl;    
		if(q->pParentPoint!=NULL && q->pSon!=NULL)
		{
			/*夹在链表中间的结点*/
			/*链表非空*/
			BookParentPoint = q->pParentPoint;/*要删除的结点的前驱指向赋给前驱结点指针变量*/
			BookSonPoint = q->pSon;/*要删除的结点的后继指向赋给后继结点的指针变量*/
			BookParentPoint->pSon = BookSonPoint;/*将后继结点指针指向的地址作为前驱结点中新后继域*/
			BookSonPoint->pParentPoint = BookParentPoint;/*将后继结点指向的前驱域设定为要删除的结点的前驱结点*/
			q->pParentPoint = NULL;
			q->pSon = NULL;
			free(q->pBookInfo);/*先将图书信息结构体的内存释放*/
			q->pBookInfo = NULL;/*使指针指向安全地址*/
			free(q);/*将要删除的借还书信息结构体指针使用的内存空间释放*/
			q = NULL;/*要习惯将动态分配的内存在使用后动态释放,并将指针域指向空*/
		}
		else if(q->pParentPoint==NULL)
		{
			/*首结点的前驱为空,这里处理首结点删除操作*/
			if(q->pSon==NULL)
			{
				/*前后指针域均为空时,说明只有一个结点,此时只需要将此结点删除*/
				free(q->pBookInfo);
				q->pBookInfo = NULL;
				free(q);
				q = NULL;
				return NULL;
			}
			head = q->pSon;
			head->pParentPoint = NULL;
			/*要删除的结点的后继指向赋给后继结点的指针变量*/
			q->pParentPoint = NULL;/*将链表中指向首结点的后继指针的前驱指针域置为空,表明是新的首结点*/
			q->pSon = NULL;/*将链表中指向首结点的后继指针的前驱指针域置为空,表明是新的首结点*/
			free(q->pBookInfo);/*先将图书信息结构体的内存释放*/
			q->pBookInfo = NULL;/*使指针指向安全地址*/
			free(q);/*将要删除的借还书信息结构体指针使用的内存空间释放*/
			q = NULL;/*要习惯将动态分配的内存在使用后动态释放,并将指针域指向空*/
		}
		else if (q->pSon==NULL)
		{
			BookParentPoint=q->pParentPoint;
			BookParentPoint->pSon=NULL;
			/*尾结点的后继结点为空,这里处理尾结点的删除操作*/
			q->pParentPoint = NULL;
			free(q->pBookInfo);/*先将图书信息结构体的内存释放*/
			q->pBookInfo = NULL;/*使指针指向安全地址*/
			free(q);/*将要删除的借还书信息结构体指针使用的内存空间释放*/
			q = NULL;/*要习惯将动态分配的内存在使用后动态释放,并将指针域指向空*/
		}
	}
	return head;/*返回首结点*/
}
 
void OutputBookInfo(struct Info *head)
{
	struct Info *q=NULL;
	struct Book *p=NULL;
	int k=0;
	int x=0;
	int flag=0;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入你想查找的书号：";
	cin >> x;	
	q=Search(head,x,&flag);    
	if(flag==1)
	{
		p=q->pBookInfo;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "借阅的图书信息：";
		cout << endl;
		cout << "书名：" << p->strTitle;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "作者：" << p->strWroter;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "当前可借阅册数：" << p->RemNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "馆藏总册数：" << p->AllNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "本书简介：" << p->strComment << endl;  
	}
	else
	{
		cout << endl;
		cout << "这本书不存在！" << endl;
	}		
}
 
void BorrowBook(struct Info *head)
{
	struct Info *q=NULL;
	struct Book *p=NULL;
	int i,x, flag,t;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入你想借的书号：";
	cin >> x;	
	q=Search(head,x,&flag);  /*查找图书*/
	if(flag==1)  
	{
		p=q->pBookInfo;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "借阅的图书信息：";
		cout << endl;
		cout << "书名：" << p->strTitle;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "作者：" << p->strWroter;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "当前可借阅册数：" << p->RemNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "馆藏总册数：" << p->AllNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "本书简介：" << p->strComment << endl;  
		cout << endl;
		cout << "借出这本书？(y/n)";
		t=getch();
		if(t=='y'||t=='Y')
		{
			/*确认借这本书*/
			if( (p->RemNum)==0)
			{
				cout << endl;
				cout << "对不起,本书已经全部借出。";
			}
			else
			{
				for(i=0;i<MAXREADER;i++)
				{
					if( (p->reader[i]).num[0]=='\0')
						break;
				}
				cout << endl;
				cout << "请输入借书证号：";  
				cin >> p->reader[i].num;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "请分别输入借出的年-月-日："; 
				cout << endl;
				cout << "年：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].bro.Year;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "月：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].bro.Month;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "日：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].bro.Day;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "请分别输入归还的年-月-日："; 
				cout << endl;
				cout << "年：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].back.Year;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "月：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].back.Month;
				cout << endl;
				cout << "日：";
				cin >> p->reader[i].back.Day;				
				p->RemNum--;       
				cout << endl;
				cout << "成功借到本书。";
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		cout << endl;
		cout << "这本书不存在！"; 
	}
}
 
void ReturnBook(struct Info *head)
{
	struct Info *q=NULL;
	struct Book *p=NULL;
	int i,x,flag,t,j;
	int year,month,day,d;
	char temp[20];
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入归还的书号：";
	cin >> x;	
	q=Search(head,x,&flag); /*图书查找*/   
	if(flag==1)
	{
		/*找到本书*/
		p=q->pBookInfo;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "借阅的图书信息：";
		cout << endl;
		cout << "书名：" << p->strTitle;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "作者：" << p->strWroter;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "当前可借阅册数：" << p->RemNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "馆藏总册数：" << p->AllNum;    
		cout << endl;
		cout << "本书简介：" << p->strComment << endl;  
		cout << endl;
		cout << "你想归还这本书？(y/n)";
		t=getch();
		if(t=='y'||t=='Y')
		{
			/*确认归还这本书*/
			system("cls");
			cout << endl;
			cout << "请输入借书证号：";  			
			cin >> temp;			
			j=0;
			for(i=0;i<MAXREADER;i++)
			{
				if(! (strcmp(temp,(p->reader[i]).num)))
				{
					j=1;
					break;
				} 
			}
			if(j==0)
			{
				cout << endl;
				cout << "你没有借阅这本书。";
				return;
			}
			cout << endl;
			cout << "今天是：";
			cout << endl;
			cout << "年：";
			cin >> year;			
			cout << "月：";
			cin >> month;
			cout << "日：";
			cin >> day;			
			d=0;
			if(year<(p->reader[i]).back.Year)
				d=1; 
			if(year<=(p->reader[i]).back.Year && month<(p->reader[i]).back.Month)
				d=1;
			if(year<=(p->reader[i]).back.Year && month<=(p->reader[i]).back.Month && day<(p->reader[i]).back.Day)
				d=1;
			if(d==0)
			{
				/*超过还书日期，在此还书*/
				system("cls");
				cout << endl;
				cout << "你的借书日期是：" << p->reader[i].bro.Year << '-' << p->reader[i].bro.Month << '-' << p->reader[i].bro.Day;  
				cout << endl;
				cout << "你的还书日期是：" << p->reader[i].back.Year << '-' << p->reader[i].back.Month << '-' << p->reader[i].back.Day;  
				cout << endl;
				cout << "今天是：" << year << '-' << month << '-' << day;  
				cout << endl;
				cout << "超出借期，罚款，归还了这本书！";
			}
			else
			{
				cout << endl;
				cout << "已经归还了这本书。";
			}
			(p->reader[i]).num[0]='\0'; 
			p->RemNum++;  
		}
	}
	else
	{
		cout << endl;
		cout << "输入书号有误！";
	}
}
 
struct Info *ReadInfo()
{
	FILE *fp;
	struct Info *head,*q,*p;
	struct Book  *bookinfo;
 
	if((fp=fopen("data.bin","rb"))==0)
	{
		cout << "读取文件失败！" << endl;
		exit(-1);
	}
	head=NULL;
 
	while(!feof(fp))
	{
		bookinfo=(struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));
		fread(bookinfo,sizeof(struct Book),1,fp);
		if(head==NULL)
		{
			head=(struct Info *)malloc(sizeof(struct Info));
			
			head->pParentPoint=NULL;
			head->pSon=NULL;
			head->pBookInfo=bookinfo;
			p=head;
		}
		else
		{
 
			q=(struct Info *)malloc(sizeof(struct Info));
			q->pParentPoint=p;
			q->pSon=NULL;
			q->pBookInfo=bookinfo;
			p->pSon=q;
			p=p->pSon;		
		}
 
	}
 
	fclose(fp);
 
	return head;
}
 
void SaveInfo(struct Info *head)
{
	FILE *fp;
	struct Info *p=NULL;
	p=head; 
 
	if((fp=fopen("data.bin","wb"))==0)
	{
		cout << "保存文件失败！" << endl;
		exit(-1);
	}
	while(p)
	{
		fwrite(p->pBookInfo,sizeof(struct Book),1,fp);
		if(p->pSon!=NULL)
			p = p->pSon;/*没到双向链表的尾部时,向后移动当前指针*/
		else
			break;/*到达链表尾部,跳出循环*/
	}
	fclose(fp);
}
 
char ListMenu()
{	
	/*主菜单显示函数*/
	char c;
	system("cls");
	cout << "********************************************" << endl;
	cout << "*              图书馆管理系统              *" << endl;
	cout << "*               1. 增加图书                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               2. 删除图书                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               3. 查找图书                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               4. 图书借阅                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               5. 图书归还                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               6. 读取数据                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               7. 保存数据                *" << endl;
	cout << "*               8. 退出系统                *" << endl;
	cout << "********************************************" << endl;
	cout << "请选择菜单项(1~8)：";
	fflush(stdin);
	c=getchar();
	return c;
}
 
int main()
{
	char c,t;
	struct Info *head=NULL;
	while(1)
	{
		c=ListMenu(); 
		cout << "您选择了：" << c << endl;
		switch(c)  
		{
		case '1': 
			head=InsertBookInfo(head);	/*增加图书*/
            break;
		case '2': 
			head=DeleteBookInfo(head);	/*删除图书*/
            break;
		case '3':
			OutputBookInfo(head);	/*查找图书*/
            break;
		case '4':
			BorrowBook(head);	/*图书借阅*/
            break;
		case '5':
			ReturnBook(head);	/*图书归还*/
            break;
		case '6':
			head=ReadInfo();
            break;
		case '7':
			SaveInfo(head);
            break;
		case '8':
			cout << endl;
			cout << "你想退出系统？(y/n)";
            t=getch();
            if(t=='y'||t=='Y') 
				exit(0);
            break;
		}
		cout << endl;
		cout << "按任意键返回主菜单......";
		getch();
	}
	return 0;
} 

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
void display(int);//输出信息
int size=0;
class Book
{
public:
    void welcome();//欢迎界面
    void welcome1();
    void addbook();//1.增加图书
    void findbook();
    void findbookbyNo();//2.查找图书
    void findbookbyName();//2.查找图书
    void findbookbyBName();//2.查找图书
    void findbookbyAddress();//2.查找图书
    void show();//3.查找全部
    double setNo()
    {
        return No;
    }
    string setaccName()
    {
        return accName;
    }
    string setbookName()
    {
        return bookName;
    }
    string setaddress()
    {
        return address;
    }
    double setprice()
    {
        return price;
    }
private:
    int No;
    string accName;
    string bookName;
    string address;
    double price;
};
Book book[10000];
int main()
{
    Book b;
    b.welcome();//欢迎界面
    return 0;
}
void Book::welcome()
{
    int order;
    cout<<"欢迎使用图书馆管理系统"<<endl;
    cout<<"|--------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|                                            |"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----             图书管理系统           ------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|                                            |"<<endl;
    cout<<"|--------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"                                              "<<endl;
    cout<<"                                              "<<endl;
    cout<<"                                              "<<endl;
    cout<<"|--------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|----------------1.增加图书-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|----------------2.查找图书-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|----------------3.查找全部-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|----------------0.退出系统-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|--------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"请选择业务：";
    cin>>order;
    switch(order)
    {
    case 0:
        exit (0);
        break;
    case 1:
        Book::addbook();
        break;
    case 2:
Book:
        findbook();
        break;
        case 3:
            Book::show();
            break;
    }
}
void display(int i)//输出信息
{
    cout<<"_____________________________________________________________________"<<endl;
    cout<<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(12)<<"图书编号"<<setw(20)<<"图书名称"<<setw(12)<<"作者"<<setw(20)<<"出版社"<<setw(20)<<"价格"<<endl;
    cout<<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(12)<<book[i].setNo()<<setw(20)<<book[i].setbookName()<<setw(12)<<book[i].setaccName()<<setw(20)<<book[i].setaddress()<<setw(20)<<book[i].setprice()<<endl;
    cout<<"_____________________________________________________________________"<<endl;
}
void Book::addbook()
{
    char c;
    cout<<"图书编号:";
    cin>>book[size].No;
    cout<<"图书名称：";
    cin>>book[size].bookName;
    cout<<"作者：";
    cin>>book[size].accName;
    cout<<"出版社：";
    cin>>book[size].address;
    cout<<"价格：";
    cin>>book[size].price;
    cout<<"添加图书成功。"<<endl;
    display(size);
    size++;
    cout<<"是否继续添加图书？是（y）否（n）"<<endl;
    cin>>c;
    if(c=='y')
        Book::addbook();
    if(c=='n')
        Book::welcome();
}
void Book::findbook()
{
    int order,c;
    cout<<"|------------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----------------1.根据图书编号-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----------------2.根据图书名称-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----------------3.根 据  作 者-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----------------4.根 据出版 社-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|-----------------5.返 回主菜 单-------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"|------------------------------------------------|"<<endl;
    cout<<"请选择业务：";
    cin>>order;
    switch(order)
    {
    case 1:
        cout<<"请输入图书编号："<<endl;
        Book::findbookbyNo();//2.查找图书
        fflush(stdin);
        getchar();
        Book::findbook();
        break;
    case 2:
        cout<<"请输入图书名称："<<endl;
        Book::findbookbyBName();
        fflush(stdin);
        getchar();
        Book::findbook();
 
        break;
    case 3:
        cout<<"请输入作者姓名："<<endl;
        Book::findbookbyName();//2.查找图书
        fflush(stdin);
        getchar();
        Book::findbook();
        break;
    case 4:
        cout<<"请输入出版社："<<endl;
        Book::findbookbyAddress();//2.查找图书
        fflush(stdin);
        getchar();
        Book::findbook();
        break;
    case 5:
        Book::welcome();
        break;
    }
}
void Book::findbookbyNo()
{
    int No;
    cin>>No;
    bool flag=false;
    int n;
    for(n=0; n<=size; n++)
        if(No==book[n].No)
        {
            flag=true;
            break;
        }
    if(flag)
        display(n);
    else
        cout<<"查无此书！"<<endl;
}
void Book::findbookbyBName()
{
    string bname;
    cin>>bname;
    bool flag=false;
    int n;
    for(n=0; n<=size; n++)
        if(bname==book[n].bookName)
        {
            flag=true;
            break;
        }
    if(flag)
        display(n);
    else
        cout<<"查无此书！"<<endl;
 
}
void Book::findbookbyName()
{
    string name;
    cin>>name;
    bool flag=false;
    int n;
    for(n=0; n<=size; n++)
        if(name==book[n].accName)
        {
            flag=true;
            break;
        }
    if(flag)
        display(n);
    else
        cout<<"查无此书"<<endl;
}
void Book::findbookbyAddress()
{
    string address;
    cin>>address;
    bool flag;
    int n;
    for(n=0; n<=size; n++)
        if(address==book[n].address)
        {
            flag=true;
            break;
        }
    if(flag)
        display(n);
    else
        cout<<"查无此书"<<endl;
}
void Book::show()
{
    for(int n=0; n<size; n++)
    {
        display(n);
        Book::welcome();
 }
}