利用ld指令查找动态库中未定义的符号

Shell 作为一门脚本语言，作为用户和操作系统之间的桥梁。一些指令的使用经常给我们工作带来很大的便利，编译过程一些自动半自动脚本可以提升效率，具体阐述参加百度shell 编程。

本文分享一个半自动脚本。

主要功能：查找生成的动态库中的符号。

脚本概述：主要是运用编译器中的ld指令 查找动态库 需要使用到但是在依赖的库中又没有定义的符号，

                    在项目集成阶段作用比较明显。

ld指令使用格式如下：

(arm-linux-androideabi-)ld       libraryspath/xxxxx.so  -llog -lnetutils -lbinder -luditest -ldl -lm -lz -lutils -ldvm -lcutils -lc -lporting  -L dependlibpath1 -L dependlibpath2 ...  -L dependlibpathN

说明：ld 前缀视平台不一样而改变，libraryspath/xxxxx.so为生成的目标库，后面几个依赖的动态库，-L 后跟依赖库所在的一系列路径。

脚本如下：

#!/bin/sh

###########################
###      变量声明       ###
###########################
export WorkDir=${MMCP_HOME}
export TargetDir=${WorkDir}/out/${REAL_MMCP_PLATFORM}/${MMCP_COMPILING_MODE}
#Mstar 6A801平台
#export LD=arm-linux-androideabi-ld

#Hisi 3716c v200平台
export LD=arm-linux-gnueabi-ld

##定义四个库的名称,shell 数组

#export MMCPName_Ser=libmmcp_product.so
#export MMCPName_Cli=libmmcp_product_client.so
#export PROName_Ser=libmmcp_custom_product.so
#export PROPName_Cli=libmmcp_custom_product_client.so

export TargetName=(libmmcp_product.so libmmcp_product_client.so libmmcp_custom_product.so libmmcp_custom_product_client.so)


export IncludeLibary=

##放置依赖库路径
export IncludePath=${WorkDir}/linkLibrary/androidlib/${REAL_MMCP_PLATFORM}

GetLibrays()
{
echo "Enter Function to Get the Dependent libraries"
##依赖库的名称
export Librarys=$(find ${IncludePath} -name *.so ;)

for file in ${Librarys[*]}
do
	tmp=$(basename ${file};)
	##替换前缀lib为 "-l"
	tmp=$(echo ${tmp/lib/ -l};)
	##去掉后缀.so
	tmp=$(echo ${tmp%.so};)
	LibaryName+=${tmp}$" "
done

IncludeLibary=${LibaryName}
}

#echo ${IncludeLibary}

###########################
###      函数定义       ###
###########################


###################
#    信息提示     #
###################
ShowInfo()
{
  echo "CheckoutSymbol Tips"
  echo "Instructions for use :"
  echo "(1)  FIRST , run . bin/setupenv "
  echo "(2)  Second, run . CheckoutSymbol.sh"
#  echo "(3)  Check the result int the undefineSymbol.txt"
# nopara=yes
}

#CheckOutSymbol()
#{
#echo "Enter CheckOutSymbol"
#echo ${IncludePath}
#${LD} ${TargetDir}/${1} ${2} -L${IncludePath} -L{3}
#}

doselect()
{
GetLibrays

echo ${TargetName[$1-1]}

case $1 in
  1)
#	echo "1"
	IncludeLibary=$(echo ${IncludeLibary/-lporting_client/ };)
	echo ${IncludeLibary}
	echo ${IncludePath}
	${LD} ${TargetDir}/${TargetName[$1-1]} ${IncludeLibary} -L ${IncludePath}
	;;
  2)
#	echo "2"
	IncludeLibary=$(echo ${IncludeLibary/"-lporting "/" "};)
	echo ${IncludeLibary}
	echo ${IncludePath}
	${LD} ${TargetDir}/${TargetName[$1-1]} ${IncludeLibary} -L ${IncludePath}
	;;
  3)
#	echo "3"
	IncludeLibary=$(echo ${IncludeLibary/-lporting_client/ };)
	IncludeLibary=${IncludeLibary}$" -lmmcp_product"
	echo ${IncludeLibary}
	echo ${IncludePath}
	${LD} ${TargetDir}/${TargetName[$1-1]} ${IncludeLibary} -L ${IncludePath} -L ${TargetDir}
	;;
  4)
#  	echo "4"
	IncludeLibary=$(echo ${IncludeLibary/"-lporting "/" "};)
	IncludeLibary=${IncludeLibary}$" -lmmcp_product_client"	
	echo ${IncludeLibary}
	echo ${IncludePath}
	${LD} ${TargetDir}/${TargetName[$1-1]} ${IncludeLibary} -L ${IncludePath} -L ${TargetDir}
	;;
  *)
	echo "please select the library !"
	;;
esac
}

######################
###判断是否设置环境###
######################

if [ "${MMCP_HOME}" =  "" ];then
	ShowInfo
elif [ x"${REAL_MMCP_PLATFORM}" = x ];then
	ShowInfo
elif [ -z "${MMCP_COMPILING_MODE}" ];then
	ShowInfo
else
	echo "Will Checkout the undefined symbol"
	echo "Please select the target library:"
	echo "1)libmmcp_product.so 2)libmmcp_product_client.so 3)libmmcp_custom_product.so 4)libmmcp_custom_product_client.so"
	read -p " Enter your anwser (default: linux) => " INPUT
	doselect ${INPUT}
fi

#echo "(3)  Check the result int the undefineSymbol.txt"

脚本比较粗糙，还可以进行优化，特定项目的可以做成自动化的。要做成通用类型的，就需要将ld 类型 ，目标库路径，依赖库路径等稍微封装一下

等用户自行输入，最后执行完自动列出未定义的符号。

附上一段打印说明一下：

luoting@stp-OptiPlex-7010:~/gitbranch/MMCP$ ./CheckoutSymbol.sh 
Will Checkout the undefined symbol
Please select the target library:
1)libmmcp_product.so 2)libmmcp_product_client.so 3)libmmcp_custom_product.so 4)libmmcp_custom_product_client.so
 Enter your anwser (default: linux) => 1
Enter Function to Get the Dependent libraries
libmmcp_product.so
-llog -lnetutils -lbinder -luditest -ldl -lm -lz -lutils -ldvm -lcutils -lporting -lc
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libstdc++.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/liblog.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libui.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libskia.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libsurfaceflinger_client.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libgui.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libandroid_runtime.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libnativehelper.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libdtv_getline.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libcurl.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libcrypto.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libssl.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libuditest.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libcorkscrew.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libdvm.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libstlport.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libdvm.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libGLESv2.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libhi_common.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libhi_msp.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libhi_pes.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: libhi_surface.so, needed by /home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 00000000000082d0
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_HDMI_DeInit'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_SND_Attach'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_DISP_SetFormat'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_PVR_RegisterEvent'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_DMX_AttachTSPort'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_VO_ResetWindow'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_DISP_GetFormat'
/home/luoting/gitbranch/MMCP/linkLibrary/androidlib/Android_Hi3716C_V200/libporting.so: undefined reference to `HI_UNF_HDMI_GetSinkCapability'

（1）很明显目标库，需要依赖的动态库libstdc++.so，libui.so，libskia.so，... libhi_surface.so ,在指定的几个路径下不存在；

（2）在当前几个依赖的库中有一些找不到的海思接口(undefined reference to HI_UNFxxxxxxx)；

（3）依赖的动态库要尽量全，才能保证结果的精确性；