vector赋值发生了什么？

测试代码

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class A {
 public:
  A() {
    a_ = 0;
    std::cout << "constructor is called" << std::endl;
  }

  A(int a) {
    a_ = a;
    std::cout << "param constructor is called" << std::endl;
  }

  A(const A& a) {
    a_ = a.a_;
    std::cout << "copy constructor is called" << std::endl;
  }

  class A& operator=(const A& a) {
      a_ = a.a_;
      std::cout<<"operator ="<<std::endl;
  }

  ~A() { std::cout << "destructor is called" << std::endl; }

  int a_;
};

int main() {
  // if v1.size() > v2.capacity()
  {
    std::cout << "v1.size() > v2.capacity()" << std::endl;
    std::vector<A> v1;
    v1.reserve(2);
    std::vector<A> v2;
    v1.emplace_back();
    v1.emplace_back();
    v2.emplace_back();
    v2 = v1;
    std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;
  }
  std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;

  // else if v1.size() > v2.size()
  {
    std::cout << "v1.size() > v2.size()" << std::endl;
    std::vector<A> v1;
    std::vector<A> v2;
    v1.reserve(2);
    v2.reserve(3);
    v2.emplace_back();
    v1.emplace_back();
    v1.emplace_back();
    v2 = v1;
    std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;
  }
  std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;

  // else
  {
    std::cout << "v1.size() <= v2.size()" << std::endl;
    std::vector<A> v1;
    std::vector<A> v2;
    v1.emplace_back();
    v2.reserve(2);
    v2.emplace_back();
    v2.emplace_back();
    v2 = v1;
    std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;
  }
  std::cout << "#####" << std::endl<<std::endl;

  return 0;
}

测试结果

v1.size() > v2.capacity()
constructor is called
constructor is called
constructor is called
copy constructor is called
copy constructor is called
destructor is called
#####

destructor is called
destructor is called
destructor is called
destructor is called
#####

v1.size() > v2.size()
constructor is called
constructor is called
constructor is called
operator =
copy constructor is called
#####

destructor is called
destructor is called
destructor is called
destructor is called
#####

v1.size() <= v2.size()
constructor is called
constructor is called
constructor is called
operator =
destructor is called
#####

destructor is called
destructor is called
#####

结论

• 如果v1.size() > v2.capacity()，会在一块新的内存执行拷贝构造函数生成一个新的vector，然后把v2的内存析构了，然后再令v2等于新生成的vector。
• 如果v2.capacity() > v1.size() 且v1.size() > v2.size()，这时候在原来的内存进行操作。先执行v2.size()个赋值操作，然后再执行v1.size()-v2.size()个拷贝构造函数。
• 如果v2.capacity() > v1.size() 且v1.size() <= v2.size()，这个时候也在原来的内存进行操作。先执行v1.size()个赋值操作，然后再执行v2.size()-v1.size()个析构函数。