一:作用:
用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
UML结构图:
用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
UML结构图:
抽象基类:
Prototype:虚拟基类,所有原型的基类,提供Clone接口函数
接口函数:
Prototype::Clone函数:纯虚函数,根据不同的派生类来实例化创建对象.
优点:复制自身。客户不知道需要对象的实际类型,只需知道它的抽象基类即可。(即有继承树的情况)
缺点:必须先有一个对象实例(即原型)才能clone。
解析:
Prototype模式其实就是常说的"虚拟构造函数"一个实现,C++的实现机制中并没有支持这个特性,但是通过不同派生类实现的Clone接口函数可以完成与"虚拟构造函数"同样的效果.举一个例子来解释这个模式的作用,假设有一家店铺是配钥匙的,他对外提供配制钥匙的服务(提供Clone接口函数),你需要配什么钥匙它不知道只是提供这种服务,具体需要配什么钥匙只有到了真正看到钥匙的原型才能配好.也就是说,需要一个提供这个服务的对象,同时还需要一个原型(Prototype),不然不知道该配什么样的钥匙.
实现:
1)Prototype.h
#ifndef PROTOTYPE_H
#define PROTOTYPE_H
// 虚拟基类,所有原型的基类,提供Clone接口函数
class Prototype
{
public:
Prototype(){}
virtual ~Prototype(){}
virtual Prototype* Clone() = 0;
} ;
// 派生自Prototype,实现Clone方法
class ConcreatePrototype1
: public Prototype
{
public:
ConcreatePrototype1();
ConcreatePrototype1(const ConcreatePrototype1&);
virtual ~ConcreatePrototype1();
virtual Prototype* Clone();
} ;
// 派生自Prototype,实现Clone方法
class ConcreatePrototype2
: public Prototype
{
public:
ConcreatePrototype2();
ConcreatePrototype2(const ConcreatePrototype2&);
virtual ~ConcreatePrototype2();
virtual Prototype* Clone();
} ;
#endif
#define PROTOTYPE_H
// 虚拟基类,所有原型的基类,提供Clone接口函数
class Prototype
{
public:
Prototype(){}
virtual ~Prototype(){}
virtual Prototype* Clone() = 0;
} ;
// 派生自Prototype,实现Clone方法
class ConcreatePrototype1
: public Prototype
{
public:
ConcreatePrototype1();
ConcreatePrototype1(const ConcreatePrototype1&);
virtual ~ConcreatePrototype1();
virtual Prototype* Clone();
} ;
// 派生自Prototype,实现Clone方法
class ConcreatePrototype2
: public Prototype
{
public:
ConcreatePrototype2();
ConcreatePrototype2(const ConcreatePrototype2&);
virtual ~ConcreatePrototype2();
virtual Prototype* Clone();
} ;
#endif
2)Prototype.cpp
#include
"
Prototype.h
"
#include < iostream >
ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1()
{
std::cout << "construction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype1:: ~ ConcreatePrototype1()
{
std::cout << "destruction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1( const ConcreatePrototype1 & )
{
std::cout << "copy construction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
Prototype * ConcreatePrototype1::Clone()
{
return new ConcreatePrototype1(*this);
#include < iostream >
ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1()
{
std::cout << "construction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype1:: ~ ConcreatePrototype1()
{
std::cout << "destruction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1( const ConcreatePrototype1 & )
{
std::cout << "copy construction of ConcreatePrototype1/n";
}
Prototype * ConcreatePrototype1::Clone()
{
return new ConcreatePrototype1(*this);
//ConcretePrototype1 *p = new ConcretePrototype1();
//*p = *this;
//return p;
}
ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2()
{
std::cout << "construction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype2:: ~ ConcreatePrototype2()
{
std::cout << "destruction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2( const ConcreatePrototype2 & )
{
std::cout << "copy construction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
Prototype * ConcreatePrototype2::Clone()
{
return new ConcreatePrototype2(*this);
//*p = *this;
//return p;
}
ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2()
{
std::cout << "construction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype2:: ~ ConcreatePrototype2()
{
std::cout << "destruction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2( const ConcreatePrototype2 & )
{
std::cout << "copy construction of ConcreatePrototype2/n";
}
Prototype * ConcreatePrototype2::Clone()
{
return new ConcreatePrototype2(*this);
//ConcretePrototype2 *p = new ConcretePrototype2();
//*p = *this;
//return p;
}
//*p = *this;
//return p;
}
3)Main.cpp
#include
"
Prototype.h
"
#include < stdlib.h >
int main()
... {
Prototype* pPrototype1 = new ConcreatePrototype1();
Prototype* pPrototype2 = pPrototype1->Clone();
Prototype* pPrototype3 = new ConcreatePrototype2();
Prototype* pPrototype4 = pPrototype3->Clone();
delete pPrototype1;
delete pPrototype2;
delete pPrototype3;
delete pPrototype4;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include < stdlib.h >
int main()
... {
Prototype* pPrototype1 = new ConcreatePrototype1();
Prototype* pPrototype2 = pPrototype1->Clone();
Prototype* pPrototype3 = new ConcreatePrototype2();
Prototype* pPrototype4 = pPrototype3->Clone();
delete pPrototype1;
delete pPrototype2;
delete pPrototype3;
delete pPrototype4;
system("pause");
return 0;
}