[.NET学习笔记] - Marshal.PtrToStructure性能浅析

Marshal.PtrToStructure是.Net里用于将非托管内存数据转成托管数据类型的方法。

Marshals data from an unmanaged block of memory to a newly allocated managed object of the specified type.

一般常用的方法有：

IntPtr ptr = xxxx;
Data data = new Data();
object obj = data;
// ptr ====> data

// 1
Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, obj);

// 2
Marshal.PtrToStructure<Data>(ptr, data);

// 3
object ret = (Data)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, data.GetType());

// 4
Data ret = Marshal.PtrToStructure<Data>(ptr);

源码：

// 1
[SecurityCritical]
[ComVisible(true)]
public static void PtrToStructure(IntPtr ptr, object structure)
{
  Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper(ptr, structure, false);
}

// 2
[SecurityCritical]
public static void PtrToStructure<T>(IntPtr ptr, T structure)
{
  Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, (object) structure);
}

// 3
[SecurityCritical]
[ComVisible(true)]
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
public static object PtrToStructure(IntPtr ptr, Type structureType)
{
  if (ptr == IntPtr.Zero)
    return (object) null;
  if (structureType == (Type) null)
    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (structureType));
  if (structureType.IsGenericType)
    throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_NeedNonGenericType"), nameof (structureType));
  RuntimeType underlyingSystemType = structureType.UnderlyingSystemType as RuntimeType;
  if (underlyingSystemType == (RuntimeType) null)
    throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_MustBeType"), "type");
  StackCrawlMark stackMark = StackCrawlMark.LookForMyCaller;
  object instanceDefaultCtor = underlyingSystemType.CreateInstanceDefaultCtor(false, false, false, ref stackMark);
  Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper(ptr, instanceDefaultCtor, true);
  return instanceDefaultCtor;
}

// 4
[SecurityCritical]
public static T PtrToStructure<T>(IntPtr ptr)
{
  return (T) Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, typeof (T));
}

所以执行顺序为：

• 方法1：1 -> Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper
• 方法2：2 -> 1 -> Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper
• 方法3：用到RuntimeType，及CreateInstanceDefaultCtor。3 -> Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper
• 方法4：4 -> 3 -> Marshal.PtrToStructureHelper

所以性能上，是 1 > 2 > 3 > 4
这里需要注意的是，方法3虽然性能差了很多，但是胜在方便，会对输入的IntPtr做容错判断，比如IntPtr为null值等。而方法1和方法2需要在调用前，主动判断。