C++ string 使用的深刻教训

//----------------------------------------------------

//AUTHOR: lanyang123456

//DATE: 2014-10-30

//---------------------------------------------------

server：

/*
IPC
socket AF_UNIX

server

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h> 
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>


#include <string>

#define UNIX_DOMAIN	"/tmp/UNIX.domain"
#define QUEUE_LEN	5



using namespace std;

struct message {
	int id;
	string strmsg;
};


int main(void)
{
    socklen_t clt_addr_len;
    int listen_fd;
    int com_fd;
    int ret;
    int i;
    char recv_buf[1024]; 
    socklen_t len;
    struct sockaddr_un client_addr;
    struct sockaddr_un server_addr; 
    struct message req;

    listen_fd = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(listen_fd < 0)
    {
        perror("cannot create communication socket");
        return -1;
    }  
    
    //set server addr
    server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strncpy(server_addr.sun_path, UNIX_DOMAIN, sizeof(server_addr.sun_path) - 1);
    unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);

    //bind sockfd & addr
    ret = bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
    if(ret == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot bind server socket");
        close(listen_fd);
        unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
        return -1;
    }

    //listen sockfd 
    ret = listen(listen_fd, 1);
    if(ret==-1)
    {
        perror("cannot listen the client connect request");
        close(listen_fd);
        unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
        return -1;
    }

    //have connect request use accept
    len = sizeof(client_addr);
    com_fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len);
    if(com_fd < 0)
    {
        perror("cannot accept client connect request");
        close(listen_fd);
        unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
        return -1;
    }

    //read and printf sent client info
    printf("-------accetpt client connect--------\n");
 
    
    ret = read(com_fd, &req, sizeof(req));//req
    if (ret <= 0) 
    {
	printf("write error(%d) %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
	close(com_fd);
    	close(listen_fd);
    	unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
    	return -1;
    }
    printf("read client request.\n");
    printf("strmsg.size() = %d\n",req.strmsg.size());
    int msg_len = req.strmsg.size();
    memset(recv_buf,0,1024);
    ret = read(com_fd, recv_buf, msg_len);//body
    if (ret <= 0) 
    {
	printf("write error(%d) %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
	close(com_fd);
    	close(listen_fd);
    	unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
    	return -1;
    }
    
    req.strmsg.append(recv_buf, msg_len);
    printf("Message from client : id: %d  body: %s\n", req.id, req.strmsg.c_str());
 
    close(com_fd);
    close(listen_fd);
    unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);
    return 0;
}

client：

/*
IPC
socket AF_UNIX

client

*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <string>

#define UNIX_DOMAIN "/tmp/UNIX.domain"

using namespace std;

struct message {
	int id;
	string strmsg;
};



int main(void)
{
    int connect_fd;
    int ret;
    char msg_body[1024];
    int i;
    static struct sockaddr_un server_addr;
    struct message request;

    //creat unix socket
    connect_fd=socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(connect_fd<0)
    {
        perror("cannot create communication socket");
        return 1;
    }

    server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(server_addr.sun_path, UNIX_DOMAIN);
    //connect server
    ret=connect(connect_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
    if(ret==-1)
    {
        perror("cannot connect to the server");
        close(connect_fd);
        return 1;
    }

    memset(msg_body, 0, 1024);
    strcpy(msg_body, "message from client");

    request.id = 101;
    request.strmsg.append(msg_body, strlen(msg_body));

    ret = write(connect_fd, &request, sizeof(request));//request
    if (ret <= 0) 
    {
	printf("write error(%d) %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
	close(connect_fd);
	return -1;
    }

    ret = write(connect_fd, msg_body, sizeof(msg_body));//body
    if (ret <= 0) 
    {
	printf("write error(%d) %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
	close(connect_fd);
	return -1;
    }

    close(connect_fd);
    return 0;
}


<span style="font-size:14px;">
</span>

$ g++ -o server server.cpp
$ g++ -o client client.cpp

./server
./client
server：
-------accetpt client connect--------
read client request.
Segmentation fault (core dumped)


分析：
从client接收string对象（假设为c），然后接收拷贝放到server端string对象（假设为s）中，server端string对象s相关地址是c对象中的地址；在server使用s对象引用地址，就存在内存越界问题（Segmentation fault）。
这是要深刻注意的！