StstemVerilog中的约束 constraint

目录

1）关键字：extends

2）constraint_mode()

3）soft 约束有冲突的话，不报错，加soft的约束优先级变低，以另一个为准

4）对pre_randomize() 方法的集成

5）rand_mode(0)，关闭某个变量的随机，会保持初始值0.

6）inside关键字

7)  constraint -> ，相当于if前置条件

---

1）关键字：extends

        1、子类中对同一个变量的约束要和父类有交集，如果没有交集，会报error

class father;
  rand bit[10:0] data;
  constraint c_data{
    data >=10;
    data <=30;
  }
endclass

class son extends father;
  constraint c_son_data{
    data >=40;
    data <=100;
  }
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
    $display("canli test");
  end
endmodule

   运行结果：  

Error-[CNST-CIF] Constraints inconsistency failure
testbench.sv, 25
  Constraints are inconsistent and cannot be solved.
  Please check the inconsistent constraints being printed above and rewrite 
  them.

    注意哦，只要有交集就好咯，子类对某个变量的约束不需要是子集哦。

    如下所示，父类data范围10-30，子类data范围时29-250，有交集29-30，所以正常随机，随机出来是30.

class father;
  rand bit[10:0] data;
  constraint c_data{
    data >=10;
    data <=30;
  }
endclass

class son extends father;
  constraint c_son_data{
    data >=29;
    data <=250;
  }
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
    $display("father's data is %d",fa.data);
    $display("son's data is %d",so.data);
    
  end
endmodule

    运行结果

father's data is   14
son's data is   30

2）constraint_mode()

        1、constraint_mode(0)，关闭约束，也就是说，本来约束是10-30之间，关闭之后，就是0到2的10次方-1.

        2、如果在子类中把父类的c_data约束关闭（constraint_mode(0)），在子类和父类对同一个变量有冲突约束的情况下，会有什么效果呢?

class father;
  rand bit[10:0] data;
  constraint c_data{
    data >=10;
    data <=30;
  }
endclass

class son extends father;
  
  constraint c_son_data{
    data >=60;
    data <=250;
  }
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.c_data.constraint_mode(0);
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
    $display("father's data is %d",fa.data);
    $display("son's data is %d",so.data);
    
  end
endmodule

    运行结果：父类随意随机，子类还是会和父类的约束冲突

Error-[CNST-CIF] Constraints inconsistency failure
testbench.sv, 28
  Constraints are inconsistent and cannot be solved.
  Please check the inconsistent constraints being printed above and rewrite 
  them.

father's data is  689
son's data is    0

    父类和子类都加上constraint_mode(0)，此时就不会报错啦，father和son都各自随意随机

    fa.c_data.constraint_mode(0);
    so.c_son_data.constraint_mode(0);

    运行结果

father's data is  689
son's data is   30

3）soft 约束有冲突的话，不报错，加soft的约束优先级变低，以另一个为准

        1、如二所说，如果子类非要和父类的范围冲突要怎么办呢？

      答案是使用soft关键字哦。如果父类中的约束中有soft，则子类是可以和父类中的约束有冲突的，此时会以子类的约束范围为准。

class father;
  rand bit[10:0] data;
  constraint c_data{
    soft data >=10;
    soft data <=30;
  }
endclass

class son extends father;
  
  constraint c_son_data{
    data >=60;
    data <=250;
  }
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
    $display("father's data is %d",fa.data);
    $display("son's data is %d",so.data);
    
  end
endmodule

    运行结果

father's data is   19
son's data is  247

4）对pre_randomize() 方法的集成

      在子类的pre_randomize方法中，若是没有调用super.pre_randomize()，则子类不会集成父类的pre_randomize方法。

class father;
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("father's pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
endclass

class son extends father;
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("son's pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
  end
endmodule

    运行结果

father's pre_randomize
son's pre_randomize

5）调用了super.pre_randomize():

class father;
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("father's pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
endclass

class son extends father;
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    super.pre_randomize();
    $display("son's pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    son    so;
    
    fa = new;
    so = new;
    
    fa.randomize();
    so.randomize();
    
  end
endmodule

    运行结果

father's pre_randomize
father's pre_randomize
son's pre_randomize

5）rand_mode(0)，关闭某个变量的随机，会保持初始值0.

class father;
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("father's pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
  rand bit[10:0] data;
  constraint c_data{
    data inside {1,100};
  }
  
endclass


module test;
  initial begin
    father fa;
    
    fa = new;a
    fa.data.rand_mode(0);
    
    fa.randomize();
    
    $display("fa.data is %0d",fa.data);
    
  end
endmodule

运行结果

fa.data is 0

6）inside关键字

    data inside {1,100}; // 在1或者100中随机，只会随机出来两个值，1或者100
    data inside {[1:100]}; //在1到100之间随机

7)  constraint -> ，相当于if前置条件

    (mode==0) -> range inside {[1:100]};  //如果mode=0，range在1-100中随机
    (mode==1) -> range inside {[500:600]}; //如果mode=1，range在500-600中随机

// Code your testbench here
// or browse Examples

class mo;
  rand bit mode;
  rand bit[10:0] range;
  
  constraint c_range{
    (mode==0) -> range inside {[1:100]};
    (mode==1) -> range inside {[500:600]};
  }
  
endclass

module test;
  initial begin
    mo c = new;
    
    c.mode.rand_mode(0);
    c.mode = 1;
    c.randomize();
    
    $display("mode is %0d, the range is %0d",c.mode,c.range);
  end
endmodule