Machine Learning——A Probabilistic Approach学习笔记 第二章 概率(总结版)

本文是《Machine Learning——A Probabilistic Approach》第二章的学习笔记,涵盖概率的基本概念,离散与连续分布,多变量概率,随机变量替换,以及信息论。介绍了二项分布、泊松分布、高斯分布等常见分布,以及熵、互信息等信息论概念。
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2.1引言

本书采用贝叶斯解释(概率是我们对事件的发生可能的预期)

2.2基本概念

离散随机变量:

  • 概率:p(A)    条件概率:p(A|B)   联合概率:p(A,B)
  • 乘法原理:p(A,B)=p(A|B)p(B)   加法原理:p(A)=\sum p(A,b)=\sum p(A|B=b)p(B=b)
  • 贝叶斯法则:
  • 无条件独立:p(X,Y)=p(X)p(Y)\Rightarrow X\bot Y   条件独立:p((X,Y)|Z)=p(X|Z)p(Y|Z)\Rightarrow X\bot Y|Z

连续随机变量:

  • 累积分布函数,cdf:F(q)=p(X\leq q),性质:单调递增,反函数存在,小于1
  • 概率密度函数,pdf:,性质:非负,可大于1,积分为1

重要数据:

  • 均值:
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