MATLAB Coder可以从MATLAB代码生成独立的、可读性强、可移植的C/C++代码。本文基于matlab2015a编制,但是也适用于matlab 2014~2016的版本。
1. 使用MATLAB Coder产生C代码的4个步骤:
(1) 开发实现特定算法功能的MATLAB代码及其测试文件;
(2) 检查MATLAB代码的兼容性,确保MATLAB代码中的语句都能被转换成C代码(有些matlab代码语句并不能生成c/c++代码,例如matlab中的imread和imshow函数就不能被转换成c代码);
(3) 产生最终使用的源代码或MEX;
(4) 利用MATLAB Coder生成c++代码,并在vs2008中验证。
2. Matlab功能模块代码及其测试代码
2.1 foo.m
function c = foo(a, b)%#codegen
%This function muliplies a and b
c = a.* b;
2.2 foo_high.m
其中,%#codegen可以防止出现警告错误
function r1 = foo_high(v1, v2)%#codegen
%This function muliplies a and b
r1=zeros(1,3);
r1(1)=foo(v1(1),v2(1));
r1(2:3) = foo(v1(2:3),v2(2:3));
2.3 test_main.m
clear all
clc
close all
a=8.97;
b=1.786;
a=[2.1 7.3 11];
b=[1.9 3.3 8];
rc = foo_high(a, b)
2.4 results
rc =3.9900 24.0900 88.0000
3. matlab代码转成C代码的详细步骤
(1) 在命令窗口,输入mex -setpu,选中一个存在的编译器;
(2) 在命令窗口输入coder(图形界面),回车,弹出MATLAB Coder Project对话框;
或在matlab软件的界面中点击MatLab Coder图标。
生成的MATLAB Coder界面如下图所示:
(3) 在Generate code for function框中输入需要转换为C代码的matlab功能模块文件:foo.m和foo_high.m。
(4) 点击next按钮,进入Define Input Types界面。输入test_main.m测试文件,
(5) 点击Autodefine Input Types按钮,从而使得matlab能自动检测出foo函数的接口变量的维度和类型。
(6) 点击next按钮,进入check for run-time issues界面
点击check for issues按钮,进入对应的界面:
上述问题表示被激活的代码没有调用foo函数的入口,即foo函数没有被调用。因为foo函数的功能已经被包含在foo_high函数中了。这里的红色部分可以不用理会。
(7) 点击next按钮,进入Generate Code界面:
点击“Generate”按钮,matlab生成对应的C代码并显示对应的界面:
(8) 点击next按钮,显示结束“Finish Workflow”界面:
4. 在vs2013中对转换获得的C代码进行测试。
Matlab在转换生成的C代码后,会生成一个codegen文件夹,下面包含两个子文件夹:lib和mex。Lib子文件夹下面包含xxx.h/xxx.c/xxx_initialize.c/xxx_initialize.c/xxx_tpyes.h
/rt_nonfinite.c/rt_nonfinite.h/rtGetInf.c/rtGetInf.h/rtGetNaN.c/rtGetNaN.h等文件,其中只有xxx.c是转换后所获得的核心文件。其它文件都是支持性文件。Mex文件夹下的文件是具有冗余的文件,可不予考虑。
4.1 foo_high.c
void foo_high(const double v1[3],const double v2[3],double r1[3])
{
int i1;
/* This function muliplies a and b */
r1[0] = v1[0] * v2[0];
/* This function muliplies a and b */
for (i1 = 0; i1 < 2; i1++) {
r1[1 + i1] = v1[1 + i1] * v2[1 + i1];
}
}
4.2 Main.c
#include <iostream>
#include <D:\matlab_to_C\test_folder_5\vs_project2\foo_high.c>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double a[3] = {4,9,2};
double b[3] = {2,7,8};
double c[3];
//cin >> a >> b;
foo_high(a,b,c);
cout << "c = " << c << endl;
cout << "c[0] = " << c[0] << endl;
cout << "c[1] = " << c[1] << endl;
cout << "c[2] = " << c[2] << endl;
cin.get();
return 0;
}
5. Example of C_Plus_Plus code
5.1 func1
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int func1(int a, int b)
{
int i0;
i0 = a*b;
cout << "\n***Good Test*******" << endl;
//return(int)i0;
return i0;
}
5.2 main
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
extern int func1(int a, int b);
//#include"func1.cpp"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
int i, a[10];
int b[8] = {11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88};
cout << "*****Good Test*******" << endl;
for (i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
a[i] = i;
for (i = 9; i >= 0; i--)
printf("%d ", a[i]);
for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
printf("%d ", b[i]);
int rt;
rt = func1(8, 9);
cout << "rt="<< rt << endl;;
cin.get();
return 0;
}
6. Ref: “C Code Generation Using the MATLAB Coder App” from the matlab website.
7. 备注
(1) 在Overview选项卡中,点击Add files,弹出对话框,选中foo.m打开;
(2) 单击变量a,选择Define by Example…,弹出MATLAB Coder Define by Example对话框,在MATLAB Expression中输入5,点击OK;同样变量b也进行相应操作,输入6;
(3) 选中Build选项卡,Output type中选择c/c++ Static Library;选中Generate code only;
(4) 点击More settings,GeneralàLanguage选择C++;Interface选项中去掉所有选项;Close;
(5) 点击Build,进行编译;点击View report,弹出Code Generation Report对话框,此时,变量a、b、c会显示相应的变量信息;
(6) 利用vs2008建立一个控制台应用程序,将生成的相关文件foo.h、foo.cpp、rtwtypes.h、foo_types.h拷到相关目录下并添加到应用程序中;
(7) 在foo.cpp文件中添加#include “stdafx.h”;
(8) test.cpp文件中代码为:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "foo.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{ double a = 0.0, b = 0.0, c = 0.0;
cin>>a>>b;
c = foo(a, b);
cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl;
return 0;}
7. 一个复杂的例子
求一个数的n次方根:
4.1两个.m文件:
nrt.m:
function [nth_rt, iterations, hstry] = nrt(varargin)%#codegen
%This function will use a Newton Search Technique to find
%the nth root of a number, a, to the tolerance, tol.
%The square root
% nrt(10, 2), or nrt(10, 2, 1e-9)
%The "n" root
%nrt(10, n), or nrt(10, n, 1e-9)
a = varargin{1};
n = varargin{2};
if nargin ~= 3
tol = 1e-9;
else
tol = varargin{3};
end
if a < 0
nth_rt = 0;
iterations = 0;
hstry = 0;
else
[nth_rt, hstry] = newtonSearchAlgorithm(a, n, tol);
iterations = length(find(hstry ~= 0));
%iterations = sum(hstry ~= 0);
end
newtonSearchAlgorithm.m:
function [x, h] = newtonSearchAlgorithm(b, n, tol) %#codegen
%Given, "a", this function finds the nth root of a
%number by finding where: x^n-a = 0
coder.inline('never'); %使其生成一个单独的c++文件
notDone = 1;
aNew = 0; %Refined Guess Initialization
a = 1; %Initial Guess
cnt = 0;
h = zeros(50, 1);
h(1) = a;
while notDone
cnt = cnt + 1;
[curVal, slope] = f_and_df(a, b, n); % square
yint = curVal - slope * a;
aNew = -yint / slope; %The new guess
h(cnt) = aNew;
if (abs(aNew-a) < tol) %Break if it's converged
notDone = 0;
elseif cnt > 49 %after 50 iterations, stop
notDone = 0;
aNew = 0;
else
a = aNew;
end
end
x = aNew;
function [f, df] = f_and_df(a, b, n)
%Our function is f=a^n-b and it's derivative is n*a^(n-1).
f = a^n-b;
df = n*a^(n-1);
2、 在命令窗口输入coder(图形界面),回车,弹出MATLAB Coder Project对话框;
3、在New选项卡Name中输入一个工程名nrt.prj;点击Ok,弹出MATLAB Coder MEX Function对话框;
4、在Overview选项卡中,点击Add files,弹出对话框,选中nrt.m打开;
5、添加三个输入,分别为10、2、1e-9;两个输入也可以;
6、选中Build选项卡,Output type中选择c/c++ Static Library;选中Generate code only;
7、点击More settings,General-->Language选择C++;Interface选项中去掉所有选项;Close;
8、点击Build,进行编译;点击View report,弹出Code Generation Report对话框;
9、利用vs2008建立一个控制台应用程序,将生成的相关文件nrt.cpp、nrt.h、newtonSearchAlgorithm.cpp、newtonSearchAlgorithm.h、nrt_types.h、rtwtypes.h拷到相关目录下并添加到应用程序中;
10、分别在nrt.cpp、newtonSearchAlgorithm.cpp文件中添加#include “stdafx.h”;
11、test.cpp文件中代码为:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "nrt.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
double varargin_1 = 0, varargin_2 = 0, varargin_3 = 1e-9;
cin>>varargin_1>>varargin_2;
double nth_rt = 0, iterations = 0;
double hstry_data[50] = {0};
int hstry_sizes[1] = {0};
nrt(varargin_1, varargin_2, varargin_3, &nth_rt, &iterations, hstry_data, hstry_sizes);
cout<<"nth_rt = "<<nth_rt<<endl;
cout<<"iterations = "<<iterations<<endl;
cout<<"hstry_data = "<<endl;
for (int i=0; i<50; i++)
{
cout<<hstry_data[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"hstry_sizes = "<<hstry_sizes[0]<<endl;
return 0;
}
感谢 [南极粥](https://me.csdn.net/zyqdragon)