3.4 支持向量机异常检测

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager
from sklearn import svm

# Generate train data
X = 0.3 * np.random.randn(100, 2)
#np.r_是按列连接两个矩阵，就是把两矩阵上下相加，要求列数相等。
#np.c_是按行连接两个矩阵，就是把两矩阵左右相加，要求行数相等。
X_train = np.r_[X + 2, X - 2]
X_test = np.r_[X + 2, X-2]

# fit the model
clf = svm.OneClassSVM(nu=0.1, kernel='rbf', gamma=0.1)
clf.fit(X_train)

y_pred_train = clf.predict(X_train)
y_pred_test = clf.predict(X_test)

n_error_train = y_pred_train[y_pred_train == -1].size
n_error_test = y_pred_test[y_pred_test == -1].size
n_error_outlier = y_pred_outliers[y_pred_outliers == 1].size

# Generate some abnormal novel observations
X_outliers = np.random.uniform(low=0.1, high=4, size=(20, 2))#随机实数
y_pred_outliers = clf.predict(X_outliers)

# plot the line , the points, and the nearest vectors to the plane
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 500), np.linspace(-5, 5, 500))
Z = clf.decision_function(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
 
plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))
plt.title("Novelty Detection")
plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, levels=np.linspace(Z.min(), 0, 7), cmap=plt.cm.PuBu)
a = plt.contour(xx, yy, Z, levels=[0, Z.max()], colors='palevioletred')
 
s =40
b1 = plt.scatter(X_train[:, 0], X_train[:, 1], c='k', s=s, edgecolors='k')
b2 = plt.scatter(X_test[:, 0], X_test[:, 1], c='blueviolet', s=s, edgecolors='k')
c = plt.scatter(X_outliers[:, 0], X_outliers[:, 1], c='gold', s=s, edgecolors='k')
 
plt.axis('tight')
plt.xlim((-5, 5))
plt.ylim((-5, 5))
plt.legend([a.collections[0], b1, b2, c],
           ["learned frontier", 'training observations',
            "new regular observations", "new abnormal observations"],
           loc="upper left",
           prop=matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(size=11))
plt.xlabel(
    "error train: %d/200; errors novel regular: %d/40; errors novel abnormal:%d/40"%(
        n_error_train, n_error_test, n_error_outlier)    )
plt.show()